Title: WSET Level 3 / WSET Level 3 C39 - Australia

Front: Describe the size of Australia
Back: Its land mass is similar to that of the United States and larger than that of Europe

Front: What is the general climate temperature in Australia? What is the main reason?
Back: Warm or hotThe southerly latitude
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Name: What is the general climate temperature in Australia? What i

Front: What are the main climate tempering influences in Australia?
Back: The Southern or Indian Ocean or the Murray River system

Front: Which areas of Australia are tempered by altitude?
Back: Adelaide Hills and Eden Valley

Front: What is rainfall like in many growing regions of Australia?
Back: Very low, so irrigation is necessary

Front: What can happen in Australia in years of extreme drought?
Back: Waters from Murray River can run low (these are vital for irrigation)

Front: Murray River is a vital source of water for inland areas such as...
Back: Riverland
Murray-Darling
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Name: Murray River is a vital source of water for inland areas suc

Front: What is a risk in Australia as a result of high summer temperatures and drought?
Back: Bush fires
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Name: What is a risk in Australia as a result of high summer tempe

Front: Why are bush fires a risk even if they do not destroy crops?
Back: The smoke can come into contact with grapes, which can taint the flavour of resulting wine

Front: Many producers in Australia are seeking sites with...
Back: Cool or moderate climates

Front: What has been the result of the search for cooler climates in Australia?
Back: Plantings have increased in high altitude sites and in Tasmania (it has a more southerly latitude)
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Name: What has been the result of the search for cooler climates i

Front: What is Australia's principal grape variety of either colour?
Back: Shiraz
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Name: What is Australias principal grape variety of either colour

Front: ...is grown widely in most regions of Australia
Back: Shiraz

Front: Describe the Shiraz produced in hot and warm regions of Australia
Back: Full-bodied and intensely fruityOften display earthy or spicy notes and develop leather aromas with age
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Name: Describe the Shiraz produced in hot and warm regions of Aust

Front: Describe the other style of Shiraz produced in the warmer areas of Australia
Back: Producers are making a more restrained style by controlling the level of extraction in the winemaking process
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Name: Describe the other style of Shiraz produced in the warmer ar

Front: Where is the leaner, more peppery style of Shiraz made in Australia?
Back: Cooler regions such as Geelong and Heathcote
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Name: Where is the leaner, more peppery style of Shiraz made in Au

Front: What are the styles of Shiraz available in Australia?
Back: Full-bodied, lean and peppery or a multi-regional blend of the two

Front: What is the role of Shiraz in Australian multi-varietal blends?
Back: It performs a similar role to Merlot in Bordeaux, adding softness to Cabernet blends
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Name: What is the role of Shiraz in Australian multi-varietal blen

Front: Describe Australian Cabernet
Back: Generally dark with firmer tannins and higher acidity than Shiraz
Ripe black fruit (blackcurrant, black cherry)
Toasty oak notes

Front: Give two classic regions for Cabernet Sauvignon in Australia
Back: Coonawarra
Margaret River

Front: What is the role of Merlot in Australia?
Back: Typically found in blended wines
Often alongside Cabernet, to provide body and fleshy, plummy fruit

Front: Where in Australia are the best examples of Pinot Noir grown? Give examples
Back: Cool or moderate sites
Yarra Valley
Mornington Peninsula
Tasmania
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Name: Where in Australia are the best examples of Pinot Noir grown

Front: Describe the style of Pinot Noir from premium sites
Back: Medium bodyMedium alcoholMedium to high acidityTypical flavours of cherry and strawberry

Front: Which varieties do best in Australia's hot regions?
Back: GrenachePetit VerdotMataro
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Name: Which varieties do best in Australias hot regions?

Front: Besides Grenache, Petit Verdot and Mataro, which other varieties have gained in popularity in Australia's hot regions? Why?
Back: Varieties from Italy and Spain such as Sangiovese and TempranilloThey are well adapted to high summer temperatures and a limited water supply
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Name: Besides Grenache, Petit Verdot and Mataro, which other varie

Front: What is the most planted white wine grape in Australia?
Back: Chardonnay

Front: Describe basic Australian Chardonnay
Back: Often a blend of fruit from different regionsUnoaked for peachy flavoursOak chips/staves for toast/vanilla flavours

Front: What are the cool/moderate sources of high quality Chardonnay in Australia?
Back: Adelaide Hills
Mornington Peninsula
Yarra Valley
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Name: What are the cool/moderate sources of high quality Chardonna

Front: Name a warm region source of Chardonnay in Australia
Back: Margaret River

Front: Describe top examples of Chardonnay in Australia
Back: Beautifully balanced with fresh, vibrant fruit complemented by subtle flavours from careful use of lees, MLF and/or oak maturation

Front: What is now being planted widely in Australia, thanks to domestic and export market?
Back: Sauvignon Blanc
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Name: What is now being planted widely in Australia, thanks to dom

Front: Which area of Australia is said to produce its benchmark of Sauvignon Blanc?
Back: Adelaide Hills
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Name: Which area of Australia is said to produce its benchmark of

Front: What is the general temperature of the climate in Adelaide Hills?
Back: Moderate
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Name: What is the general temperature of the climate in Adelaide H

Front: Name the key features of Sauvignon Blanc from Adelaide Hills
Back: Tend to show concentrated passion fruit flavours as well as refreshing high acidity

Front: Which white grape makes a style which is unique to Australia?
Back: Semillon
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Name: Which white grape makes a style which is unique to Australia

Front: Where in Australia is Semillon planted?
Back: It is planted widely

Front: What is the classic region for Semillon in Australia?
Back: Hunter Valley

Front: How is Semillon typically made in Adelaide Hills?
Back: It is harvested early with low sugar levels and high acidityOxygen contact is kept to a minimumInert vessels used for fermentation and storage

Front: Describe the Semillons of Adelaide Hills
Back: Low alcohol
Neutral in flavour when first bottled
Develop extraordinary flavours of honey and toast
Can age for 20 years or more

Front: List the styles and locations of Semillon in Australia other than those made in Adelaide Hills
Back: Western Australia: Herbaceous style, very similar to Sauvignon Blanc
Barossa Valley: Fuller bodied and softer. Some early-picked and unoaked styles being made
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Name: List the styles and locations of Semillon in Australia other

Front: Describe the general style of Riesling in Australia
Back: Dry/slightly off-dry (some sweet styles are made)
High acidity
Unoaked
Pronounced citrus fruit aromas and flavours of lime, lemon and/or grapefruit in youth
Flavours develop into toast, honey and petrol

Front: What are the classic regions for Riesling in Australia?
Back: Clare Valley and Eden Valley in South Australia

Front: Which regions of Australia are beginning to develop a reputation for high quality Riesling?
Back: Tasmania and the Franklin River sub-region of Western Australia
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Name: Which regions of Australia are beginning to develop a reputa

Front: What is the flavour difference between the Rieslings of South Australia and those of Western Australia?
Back: In western Australia they are more floral than citrusy
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Name: What is the flavour difference between the Rieslings of Sout

Front: What is the largest zone in Australia?
Back: South Eastern Australia Zone

Front: What comprises the South Eastern Australia Zone?
Back: It is a 'super-zone' comprised of all the GIs within South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland

Front: What does the South Eastern Australia Zone allow for in winemaking?
Back: Blending of grapes or wines from across most of Australia's wine regions
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Name: What does the South Eastern Australia Zone allow for in wine

Front: Describe wines labelled with South Eastern Australia
Back: The majority are high volume brands and take advantage of being able to source fruit from the fertile , irrigated vineyards of Riverland in South Australia, Murray-Darling in Victoria and Riverina in New South Wales

Front: Describe grapes of Riverland, Murray-Darling and Riverina
Back: Can produce high yields of healthy grapes
Lack the flavour concentration of those from other, high-quality areas

Front: How may the lack of flavour concentration from high yield areas of Australia be remedied?
Back: By blending in components from regions such as Barossa, Adelaide Hills or McLaren ValeThe choice of components depends on grape variety, style and price point
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Name: How may the lack of flavour concentration from high yield ar

Front: What else does Riverina specialise in?
Back: The production of botrytised wines made from Semillon

Front: What in Riverina encourages the development of noble rot?
Back: Autumn morning mists and fogs

Front: In which zone is the majority of Australia's wine produced?
Back: South Australia
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Name: In which region is the majority of Australias wine produced

Front: Where in South Australia are the vineyards mostly located?
Back: They are mostly concentrated in the south east of the state

Front: What are the advantages of labelling a wine with South Australia? What kind of producers use it?
Back: It gives producers a range of premium vineyard locations, offering different characteristicsSome of Australia's most prestigious and expensive wines take advantage of the opportunities provided by the GI
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Name: What are the advantages of labelling a wine with South Austr

Front: Which wine region is to the north east of Adelaide?
Back: Barossa Valley

Front: Which region of Australia is considered the heartland of the country's fine wine production?
Back: Barossa Valley
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Name: Which region of Australia is considered the heartland of the

Front: Roughly what is the climate in Barossa Valley?
Back: Warm and dry

Front: What are vines like in Barossa Valley?
Back: Bush vines

Front: What are the outstanding grape varieties of Barossa Valley?
Back: Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon and Grenache

Front: Describe classic Barossa Valley Shiraz
Back: Full-bodied
Soft tannins
Ripe black fruit
Sweet American oak
Develops leather and spice with age

Front: What is the most notable white variety of Barossa Valley?
Back: Semillon

Front: What style of Semillon is made in Barossa Valley?
Back: Increasingly made in a fresh, unoaked style

Front: Describe wines labelled Barossa
Back: Come from Barossa zone and can be made from fruit sourced from Barossa Valley and Eden Valley

Front: Where is Eden Valley?
Back: In the hills to the east of the Barossa Valley

Front: Describe the climate of Eden Valley
Back: Cool to moderate climate that varies with altitude

Front: What is made with success in the cooler vineyards of Eden Valley?
Back: Outstanding quality Rieslings
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Name: What is made with success in the cooler vineyards of Eden Va

Front: Describe the best Rieslings of Eden Valley
Back: Intense lime and grapefruit aromasSteely characterThe best display marmalade and toasty characters after ten years

Front: Besides Riesling, what else is grown with success in Eden Valley?
Back: Shiraz, Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon
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Name: Besides Riesling, what else is grown with success in Eden Va

Front: Where is Clare Valley?
Back: To the north west of Barossa Valley

Front: What is the speciality of Clare Valley?
Back: Riesling

Front: Describe the climate in Clare Valley
Back: Warm climate
Tempered by cool afternoon breezes
Nights are cold

Front: What is the topography of Clare Valley?
Back: Many vineyards are planted at altitude (300 - 400m)Some vineyards as high as 570m

Front: Describe Clare Valley Rieslings
Back: Dry in styleIntense citrus and lime aromasHigh acidityWith age, they can develop honey and toast characters

Front: Describe Clare Valley Shiraz
Back: Fragrant, powerful and structured

Front: What else is produced to a high quality in Clare Valley, besides Riesling and Shiraz?
Back: Cabernet Sauvignon
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Name: What else is produced to a high quality in Clare Valley, bes

Front: Describe Cabernet in Clare Valley
Back: It's made into different styles, depending on vineyard location, soil and elevation

Front: Where is the Adelaide Hills region?
Back: Twenty-five kilometres east of Adelaide

Front: What is the climate of the Adelaide Hills region?
Back: Moderate climateRainfall in the winter

Front: What are the growing conditions like in Adelaide Hills?
Back: Vineyards are planted above 400mSoils have limited water holding capacity

Front: What is the consequence of the low water-holding capacity of the soils in Adelaide Hills?
Back: Irrigation is often necessary during the growing season
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Name: What is the consequence of the low water-holding capacity of

Front: What are the specialities of Adelaide Hills?
Back: Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay

Front: Describe the style of Chardonnay made in Adelaide Hills
Back: Elegant
High natural acidity
Pronounced citrus and peach aromas

Front: What is the 'third' grape of Adelaide Hills?
Back: Pinot Noir
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Name: What is the third grape of Adelaide Hills?

Front: How is Pinot Noir used in Adelaide Hills?
Back: For still red winesFor blending with Chardonnay for sparkling wine

Front: Where is the McLaren Vale?
Back: On the coast to the south of Adelaide

Front: Describe the climate in McLaren Vale
Back: Warm climateTempered by afternoon ocean breezes

Front: What is the majority of wine produced in McLaren Vale?
Back: Red wines from Shiraz, Cabernet, Merlot and Grenache

Front: What are wines generally like in McLaren Vale?
Back: Intensely flavoured Dark fruit aromasSoft, ripe tannins

Front: Some wines are made with depth and complexity in McLaren Vale. What are they made from?
Back: Old vine Shiraz and Grenache
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Name: Some wines are made with depth and complexity in McLaren Val

Front: Which region is directly south of Riverland, within the Limestone Coast?
Back: Coonawarra
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Name: Which region is directly south of Riverland, within the Lime

Front: Describe Coonawarra
Back: A narrow strip of land 1.5 kilometres wide and 15 kilometres long

Front: Where is Coonawarra?
Back: 400km south-east of Adelaide, towards the Victorian border

Front: Describe the soil of Coonawarra
Back: Distinctive red terra rossa soil over a limestone subsoil

Front: What is the climate of Coonawarra?
Back: Moderate maritimeInfluenced by cold currents from the AntarcticSummer temperatures moderated by cloud cover

Front: What is the predominant grape in Coonawarra?
Back: Cabernet Sauvignon

Front: Describe Cabernet from Coonawarra
Back: Concentrated, structured winesCharacteristic blackcurrant and eucalyptus or menthol aromasBest examples age very well

Front: Besides Cabernet, what else is widely planted in Coonawarra?
Back: Shiraz, Merlot and Chardonnay

Front: Where is the Victoria zone?
Back: The far southern tip of Australia

Front: What is the climate broadly like in Victoria?
Back: It offers some of the coolest vineyard locations on mainland Australia

Front: Describe the wine regions around Melbourne and Port Phillip Bay and their grapes
Back: Benefit from ocean breezes, giving conditions cool enough to grow high quality Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and grapes for sparkling wine
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Name: Describe the wine regions around Melbourne and Port Phillip

Front: What is further inland in Victoria? How does it affect growing?
Back: The Great Dividing Range Provides a range of altitudes and aspects
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Name: What is further inland in Victoria? How does it affect growi

Front: Name two high altitude areas around Victoria's Great Dividing Range
Back: Macedon RangesUpper Goulburn
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Name: Name two high altitude areas around Victorias Great Dividin

Front: What's made in the higher altitude areas of The Great Dividing Range in Victoria?
Back: Elegant Pinot Noir and ChardonnayAromatic Riesling and Sauvignon Blanc
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Name: Whats made in the higher altitude areas of The Great Dividi

Front: What do the regions of the lower slopes of The Great Dividing Range generally produce?
Back: They grow later-ripening black varieties such as Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon
Fresher and lighter than those from Australia's hotter regions
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Name: What do the regions of the lower slopes of The Great Dividin

Front: Which region is directly to the north-east of Melbourne?
Back: The Yarra Valley

Front: What is the climate of Yarra Valley?
Back: Cool to moderateMaritime

Front: What is the terroir of Yarra Valley like?
Back: Very varied with a wide range of altitudes and aspects

Front: What is the speciality of the Yarra Valley?
Back: Pinot Noir

Front: What are the main styles of wine produced in Yarra Valley?
Back: High quality table wines
Excellent quality sparkling wines

Front: Describe Yarra Valley Pinot Noir
Back: Ripe, soft tanninsRich fruit with strawberries, plums and dark cherriesComplexity added by careful oak handlingAge-worthy when made by top producers

Front: Which grapes other than Pinot Noir can be made successfully in Yarra Valley? Why?
Back: Chardonnay, Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon (though never with quite the weight of similar wines made in other regions)Due to the wide geographical diversity
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Name: Which grapes other than Pinot Noir can be made successfully

Front: What is the speciality of Mornington Peninsula?
Back: Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

Front: Where is Mornington Peninsula?
Back: To the south of Melbourne, on the coast

Front: What is the climate in Mornington Peninsula?
Back: Cool to moderate maritime climate

Front: What kind of wineries is Mornington Peninsula home to?
Back: Small, boutique estates

Front: What is vintage variation like in Mornington Peninsula?
Back: It varies a lot, due to the chance of cool, wet and windy weather at flowering and often at harvest

Front: Describe weather and wines in the best seasons at Mornington Peninsula
Back: Long growing season, producing fragrant, elegant wines with finesse
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Name: Describe weather and wines in the best seasons at Mornington

Front: Describe Pinot Noir from Mornington Peninsula
Back: It ranges from light and delicate to more structured
All tends to display very pure fruit characteristics

Front: Describe Chardonnays from Mornington Peninsula
Back: High acidity (reflecting the cool climate)Usually softened by MLFCitrus, pear and apple aromas

Front: Where is the Geelong region?
Back: West of Melbourne

Front: What is the climate of Geelong?
Back: Similar to that of Mornington Peninsula

Front: What is the reputation of Geelong Chardonnay?
Back: It's renowned for its quality

Front: Describe Chardonnay from Geelong
Back: Complex, concentrated and full bodied

Front: What are the major red grapes of Geelong?
Back: Pinot Noir and Shiraz

Front: Describe Pinot Noir from Geelong
Back: Can take on earthy aromas

Front: Describe Shiraz from Geelong
Back: Fresh and peppery

Front: What else is made in Geelong?
Back: Sparkling wine from Chardonnay and Pinot Noir

Front: Where is Heathcote?
Back: In the centre of Victoria, much further inland than the Yarra Valley, Mornington Peninsula and Geelong

Front: Where do Heathcote's cooling influences come from?
Back: Altitude rather than the ocean
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Name: Where do Heathcotes cooling influences come from?

Front: What is the climate of Heathcote?
Back: Moderate

Front: Describe Shiraz from Heathcote
Back: Firmer fruit structure and fresher fruit than those of other regions

Front: What is planted in Heathcote other than Shiraz?
Back: Chardonnay and CabernetMediterranean varieties are showing promise e.g. Sangiovese and Tempranillo

Front: Where is Goulburn Valley?
Back: To the east of Heathcote in the Goulburn Valley Region

Front: What is the climate in Goulburn Valley?
Back: Warm

Front: How is the temperature of Goulburn Valley mitigated?
Back: By the lakes and creeks associated with the Goulburn River

Front: What is the most planted variety in Goulburn Valley?
Back: Shiraz

Front: What is the speciality of the Goulburn Valley area?
Back: Marsanne

Front: What are the Marsanne wines of Goulburn Valley like?
Back: Citrus fruit in youthDeveloping honeyed aromas with bottle age

Front: What is the reputation of New South Wales?
Back: The longest history of wine production in Australia

Front: What is the main region of New South Wales?
Back: Hunter Valley

Front: What is the general temperature of Hunter Valley?
Back: Hot

Front: Which areas of New South Wales are slightly cooler?
Back: Mudgee, Orange and Cowra

Front: Where are the vineyards of Mudgee, Orange and Cowra?
Back: Inland from Sydney on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range

Front: Describe the vineyards of New South Wales's cooler regions and what they produce
Back: They are at altitude and are capable of producing some very concentrated Chardonnays and structured Cabernet Sauvignons
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Name: Describe the vineyards of New South Waless cooler regions a

Front: Describe the climate of Hunter Valley
Back: Hot and humidEffect of summer heat reduced by high cloud cover and ocean breezes

Front: Describe the main weather hazard of Hunter Valley
Back: Unsettled rainy weather at harvest

Front: How is rot minimised in Hunter Valley?
Back: With good canopy management techniques

Front: What is the most planted grape in Hunter Valley?
Back: Semillon

Front: Describe Semillon wines of Hunter Valley
Back: Light bodiedLow alcoholHigh acidityNeutral flavours that develop into toast, nut and honey with bottle age

Front: What is the second most planted white variety in Hunter Valley?
Back: Chardonnay
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Name: What is the second most planted white variety in Hunter Vall

Front: What style is Chardonnay made into in Hunter Valley?
Back: Both oaked and unoaked

Front: What is the black variety with the largest production in Hunter Valley?
Back: Shiraz
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Name: What is the black variety with the largest production in Hun

Front: Describe Shiraz from Hunter Valley
Back: Medium body
Soft tannins
Black fruit flavours (blackberry and cherry)
Earthy undertone

Front: Where are the wine regions of Western Australia?
Back: In the south-west tip of the state

Front: What is the largest appellation of Western Australia? Describe it
Back: Western Australia
The fruit or wine from its regions can be blended together
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Name: What is the largest appellation of Western Australia? Descri

Front: What are the only Australian wines not part of South Eastern Australia?
Back: Those of Western Australia
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Name: What are the only Australian wines not part of South Eastern

Front: Where is Margaret River?
Back: Western Australia200km south of Perth

Front: Describe the climate in Margaret River
Back: Warm maritime climateHigh rainfall (but falls mainly in winter)

Front: What is the most widely planted red grape in Margaret River?
Back: Cabernet Sauvignon

Front: How does Cabernet often appear in Margaret River?
Back: As a blend with Merlot

Front: What are the styles of Margaret River's Bordeaux blends?
Back: From elegant and restrained to fruity and powerful
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Name: What are the styles of Margaret Rivers Bordeaux blends?

Front: Describe Chardonnays of Margaret River
Back: Concentrated stone fruit
High levels of natural acidity
A range of styles using MLF and barrel ageing

Front: What other white grapes are widely grown in Margaret River?
Back: Sauvignon BlancSemillon

Front: Describe the role of Sauvignon Blanc in Margaret River and its wines
Back: It's often blended with Semillon
Attractive gooseberry and tropical fruit aromas with high acidity
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Name: Describe the role of Sauvignon Blanc in Margaret River and i

Front: Which area of Margaret River is relatively new? What is it called?
Back: The area to the south
Great Southern region
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Name: Which area os Margaret River is relatively new? What is it c

Front: Name two sub-regions within Margaret River's Great Southern regionWhat are they known for?
Back: Mount Barker and Frankland RiverDeeply coloured Cabernet Sauvignon, elegant, peppery Shiraz and floral Riesling
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Name: Name two sub-regions within Margaret Rivers Great Southern

Front: What is the climate of Tasmania?
Back: Cool maritimeCooled by westerly winds off the Southern OceanGenerally free from extremes

Front: What is Tasmania's original reputation in wine?
Back: As a prime source of base wine for Australian sparkling wine
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Name: What is Tasmanias original reputation in wine?

Front: What are the principal varieties of Tasmania now?
Back: Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Gris and some Cabernet Sauvignon (in the warmest, driest areas)

Front: What is the hierarchy of GIs in Australia?
Back: Zones, regions and sub-regions

Front: Describe what a zone is in Australia
Back: A large area without any particularly qualifying attributesCan be a state or cover several states

Front: ... can also make up part of a state in Australia, but with the exception of ..., these are rare
Back: ZonesBarossa
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Name: ... can also make up part of a state in Australia, but with

Front: Give examples of regions in Australia
Back: Coonawarra, Clare Valley, Margaret River etc.

Front: Describe what a region is in Australia
Back: Vary in size, but are smaller than zonesMust have consistent and distinct qualities from neighbouring regions

Front: Many regions in Australia are split into...
Back: Sub-regions

Front: How many regions may a sub-region fall across in Australia?
Back: One

Front: T or F: Some Australian regions are covered by several zones
Back: True

Front: Give an example of a region in Australia which is covered by several zones
Back: Eden Valley is in Barossa Zone, which is within South Australia Zone, which is in South Eastern Australia Zone
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Name: Give an example of a region in Australia which is covered by