Title: WSET Level 3 / WSET Level 3 C42 - Sparkling Wines

Front: How many appellations are there in the Champagne region?
Back: One

Front: What is the one appellation in the Champagne region?
Back: Champagne AC

Front: How many villages within Champagne have premier cru status?
Back: 44

Front: How many villages within Champagne have grand cru status?
Back: 17

Front: What are the crus in Champagne?
Back: The entire village rather than a specific vineyard

Front: What are the production restrictions in the crus of Champagne?
Back: There are no additional requirements
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Name: What are the production restrictions in the crus of Champagn

Front: Why is a Champagne wine coming from a cru not necessarily a sign of consistent quality?
Back: As a cru is an entire village, not every plot will have the same potential
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Name: Why is a Champagne wine coming from a cru not necessarily a

Front: How many sub-appellations are there within Champagne?
Back: Five

Front: What are the three most famous sub-regions of Champagne?
Back: Montagne de ReimsVallée de la MarneCôte des Blancs

Front: Where in Champagne is the Côte de Sézanne?
Back: Approximately 30 kilometres south-west of Épernay

Front: Where is the Côte des Bar?
Back: Over 100km to the south-east of Épernay

Front: What's currently being reviewed in Champagne re. appellations?
Back: The delineation of the appellation
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Name: Whats currently being reviewed in Champagne re. appellation

Front: What exactly is being looked into re. delineation of Champagne AC? Why?
Back: The assessment of the entire surface area of all qualifying villages in ChampagneSome parts of Champagne were not included due to various reasons such as being overlooked, or the original landowners having no interest in producing Champagne
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Name: What exactly is being looked into re. delineation of Champag

Front: What is the climate of Champagne?
Back: Cool continental

Front: What are the biggest climatic threats a Champagne producer has to face?
Back: Winter freeze, spring frost and rainy, cloudy weather
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Name: What are the biggest climatic threats a Champagne producer h

Front: What makes the Champagne region ideal for sparkling grape growing?
Back: Even in the warmest years, grape sugar levels remain very low and acid levels are very high
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Name: What makes the Champagne region ideal for sparkling grape gr

Front: How is the threat of frost minimised in Champagne?
Back: Most vineyards are planted on slopes

Front: What is the dominant part of soils of Champagne?
Back: Chalk

Front: What is the main quality of chalk as a soil constituent?
Back: They provide good drainage after rain storms but retain a sufficient quantity of water in dry periods

Front: What is a new focus for Champagne producers?
Back: They are now fully committed to sustainable agriculture and have ambitious targets to reduce their use of man-made fertilisers and pesticides

Front: What are the three grape varieties used in Champagne?
Back: ChardonnayPinot NoirPinot Meunier

Front: Where in Champagne is Chardonnay most widely planted?
Back: Côte des Blancs and Côte de Sézanne

Front: Describe Chardonnay from Champagne
Back: Lighter-bodied than in BurgundyHigh acidityFloral and citrus fruit character

Front: Where in Champagne does Pinot Noir dominate?
Back: Montagne de Reims and Côte des Bar

Front: Describe wines from Pinot Noir in Champagne
Back: Greater bodyStructural backbone to most blendsGives blends a red fruit character

Front: Where in Champagne does Meunier predominate? Why?
Back: Vallée de la MarneBecause it buds late, protecting it from the spring frosts that occur more frequently in this region

Front: What does Meunier contribute to a blend in Champagne?
Back: Fruity flavours

Front: For which wines in Champagne is Meunier particularly important?
Back: Those made to be enjoyed young
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Name: For which wines in Champagne is Meunier particularly importa

Front: Describe harvesting in Champagne
Back: Grapes are hand-picked to allow selection in the vineyard and retain whole, healthy bunches

Front: Describe pressing in Champagne
Back: Highly controlled

Front: What in Champagne making is the cuvée?
Back: The first liquid to come off the press

Front: What in Champagne making is the name for the remained of pressed juice (after the cuvée)?
Back: Taille
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Name: What in Champagne making is the name for the remained of pre

Front: What is the role of pressing in the best Champagnes?
Back: The best will be made solely from the cuvée

Front: What vessels are used to ferment Champagnes?
Back: Stailess steel, oak barrels or a mixture of the two

Front: Which processes are used in Champagne making after the initial fermentation?
Back: MLF/oak ageing may or may not be used, depending on house style
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Name: Which processes are used in Champagne making after the initi

Front: Why is blending so important in Champagne?
Back: Because weather can vary so significantly from year to year

Front: How may a greater number of blending options be made available to a Champagne producer?
Back: By a producer fermenting in small parcels
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Name: How may a greater number of blending options be made availab

Front: How will large Champagne producers achieve their house style year after year?
Back: They will use dozens of wines in their blends
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Name: How will large Champagne producers achieve their house style

Front: What is length of ageing (including time on lees) dependent on in Champagne?
Back: The style of wine being made
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Name: What is length of ageing (including time on lees) dependent

Front: What are the ageing requirements for non-vintage wines in Champagne?
Back: They must be aged for a minimum of 15 months with at least 12 months on the lees
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Name: What are the ageing requirements for non-vintage wines in Ch

Front: What are the ageing requirements for vintage wines in Champagne?
Back: 36 months12 months on lees
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Name: What are the ageing requirements for vintage wines in Champa

Front: What is the reality of wine ageing in Champagne?
Back: Winemakers frequently age their wines for longer than the minimum requirements

Front: What are the consistent flavour features between all styles of Champagne?
Back: High acidity and autolytic flavours
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Name: What are the consistent flavour features between all styles

Front: What are the general characteristics of non-vintage Champagne wines relative to their vintage counterparts?
Back: Generally lighter in body with more fresh fruit flavours
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Name: What are the general characteristics of non-vintage Champagn

Front: Describe the finest examples of non-vintage Champagne
Back: Some complexity from the use of reserve wines

Front: When are vintage Champagnes made?
Back: Only in the best years

Front: What are the characteristics of vintage Champagne relative to their non-vintage counterparts?
Back: Often more concentratedMore toasty and biscuity notes from longer time on lees
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Name: What are the characteristics of vintage Champagne relative t

Front: Is Rosé Champagne usually vintage or non-vintage?
Back: Can be either

Front: Describe the best rosé Champagnes
Back: They delicately balance aromas from autolysis with subtle fruity red berry notes

Front: Describe Blanc de Blancs wines
Back: Light-to-medium bodied with citrus primary fruit

Front: Describe Blanc de Noirs wines
Back: Fuller in body with more red fruit flavours

Front: What does Prestige Cuvée usually represent in Champagne?
Back: The finest wines in a producer's range

Front: Describe Prestige Cuvée wines in Champagne
Back: Often but not always vintageMade from the best parcels of grapesOften closed and austere in youth, so requiring several years cellaring before consumptionPremium prices

Front: What is by far the most popular sweetness level of Champagne?
Back: Brut
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Name: What is by far the most popular sweetness level of Champagne

Front: What is the rising trend in sweetness styles of Champagnes?
Back: Brut nature

Front: What proportion of the market do Brut nature wines represent?
Back: Very small
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Name: What proportion of the market do Brut nature wines represent

Front: What does the term crémant apply to?
Back: A number of french sparkling wine ACs

Front: What are the the most important crémant wines?
Back: Crémant d'AlsaceCrémant de BourgogneCrémant de Loire

Front: How are crémant wines made and what are their ageing requirements?
Back: Traditional methodNine months on lees
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Name: How are crémant wines made and what are their ageing require

Front: Which grapes generally speaking, are used to make crémant wines?
Back: Those used to make local still white wines
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Name: Which grapes generally speaking, are used to make crémant wi

Front: What are the laws regarding permissible grapes in Alsace for crémant wines?
Back: Aromatic grapes such as Muscat and Gewurztraminer cannot be used, where Chardonnay can
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Name: What are the laws regarding permissible grapes in Alsace for

Front: What is the next biggest centre of sparkling wine production in France after Champagne?
Back: The Loire Valley
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Name: What is the next biggest centre of sparkling wine production

Front: What are the three major appellations for making sparkling wine in Loire Valley?
Back: Crémant de LoireSaumurVouvray
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Name: What are the three major appellations for making sparkling w

Front: From which varieties can sparkling Saumur be made?
Back: A range of local varieties as well as Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc and Cabernet Franc

Front: What are important ingredients in the best sparkling wines of Saumur?
Back: Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc and Cabernet Franc
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Name: What are important ingredients in the best sparkling wines o

Front: What second style of sparkling is made in the Loire Valley? Where and with what?
Back: Sparkling red in Saumur, with Cabernet Franc
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Name: What second style of sparkling is made in the Loire Valley?

Front: What style of wine is made in highest volumes in Vouvray?
Back: Sparkling wines

Front: What is the vast majority of sparkling wine made from in Vouvray?
Back: Solely from Chenin Blanc
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Name: What is the vast majority of sparkling wine made from in Vou

Front: What is the character of Chenin Blanc in sparkling wine?
Back: Naturally high acidityDoesn't take on as much of a bread, biscuity character as Chardonnay or Pinot NoirAutolytic character is more smoky and toasty

Front: What method is used to make sparkling Saumur and Vouvray?
Back: Traditional method

Front: What is the ageing requirement for Saumur and Vouvray?
Back: A minimum of nine months on lees

Front: What makes Cava an unusual DO?
Back: It covers a number of different, non-contiguous, geographic areas across Spain

Front: Where does the vast majority of Cava come from?
Back: The Catalan vineyards centred on the town of Sant Sadurní d'Anoia

Front: Besides the vineyard of Catalunya, which other areas are notable centres of Cava production?
Back: Navarra, Rioja and Valencia
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Name: Besides the vineyard of Catalunya, which other areas are not

Front: How is Cava made? What are the ageing requirements?
Back: Traditional methodNine months on the lees

Front: Name traditional grape varieties used in Cava
Back: Macabeo/Viura, Xarel-lo and Parellada for whitesGarnacha and Monastrell for rosés

Front: Describe most Cavas
Back: DryMedium aciditySome character from yeast autolysis (though the character of the autolytic flavours can differ from the bread and toast of Champagne)

Front: What has recently been added as permitted grape varieties for Cava? What do they add?
Back: Chardonnay and Pinot NoirAn extra level of fruit and acidity
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Name: What has recently been added as permitted grape varieties fo

Front: What is the controversy surrounding Chardonnay and Pinot Noir as permitted grape varieties in Cava?
Back: Some producers believe it detracts from Cava's point of difference
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Name: What is the controversy surrounding Chardonnay and Pinot Noi

Front: How is most Cava released?
Back: As non-vintage, ready to drink on release from the winery

Front: What is a key point of flavour difference between Cava and Champagne? What is the result?
Back: Cava often has a lower acidity than that of ChampagneIt makes Cava more approachable and easy-drinking
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Name: What is a key point of flavour difference between Cava and C

Front: What is the role of lees-ageing with Cava?
Back: There are a few producers who make premium Cavas that have undergone extensive lees-ageing

Front: Where is the Asti DOCG?
Back: In Piemonte, north-west Italy

Front: What is Asti DOCG made from?
Back: Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains

Front: What method is used to make Asti DOCG?
Back: The Asti Method

Front: What is the main flavour of Asti DOCG?
Back: A pronounced grapey character

Front: Describe the flavours/profile of Asti DOCG
Back: Pronounced fruity aromas of peach and grape, overlaid with floral notesSweetLow in alcoholMade without autolytic characters (which would detract from the fruitiness of Muscat)

Front: What is the role of ageing for Muscat?
Back: It does not benefit from ageing and should be drunk as young as possible

Front: Where is Prosecco made?
Back: In one of two delimited regions of north-east ItalyProsecco DOC (a wide area of Veneto and Friuli)Conegliano-Valdobbiadene DOCG

Front: Where must grapes be grown for Conegliano-Valdobbiadene DOCG?
Back: Between the two towns of Conegliano and Valdobbiadene on the steep limestone hills north-west of Venice
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Name: Where must grapes be grown for Conegliano-Valdobbiadene DOCG

Front: Which terms found on Prosecco wines are indications of wine from an exceptional vineyard site?
Back: Cartizze and Rive
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Name: Which terms found on Prosecco wines are indications of wine

Front: What is the name of the grape variety used for Prosecco? What is its formative name?
Back: GleraProsecco
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Name: What is the name of the grape variety used for Prosecco? Wha

Front: Why was Prosecco's name changed to Glera?
Back: To protect the integrity of the appellation
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Name: Why was Proseccos name changed to Glera?

Front: How is Prosecco typically produced?
Back: Using the tank method

Front: What are the typical flavours and acidity level of Prosecco?
Back: Fresh aromas of green apple and melonMedium acidity

Front: What sweetness levels are Prosecco made into?
Back: Brut, Extra-Dry and Dry

Front: How do sugar levels of Prosecco's sweetness levels compare with those of Champagne and Cava?
Back: Slightly higher levels of residual sugar
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Name: How do sugar levels of Proseccos sweetness levels compare w

Front: How does residual sugar usually come about in Prosecco?
Back: As a result of interrupting fermentation by chilling and filtering

Front: What is the role of ageing in Prosecco?
Back: They are meant to be drunk young and do not benefit from any bottle ageing

Front: Which country has the highest per-capita consumption of wine in the world?
Back: Germany
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Name: Which country has the highest per-capita consumption of wine

Front: What is the majority of consumed sparkling wine in Germany?
Back: Sekt

Front: Virtually all of Sekt is made using the...method
Back: Tank

Front: Where do the base wines for Sekt generally come from?
Back: France or Italy

Front: Where is Sekt turned into sparkling wine?
Back: Germany

Front: How may one identify a Sekt where grapes are grown in Germany as well as it being made sparkling in Germany?
Back: It will be labelled Deutscher Sekt
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Name: How may one identify a Sekt where grapes are grown in German

Front: What is the best Deutscher Sekt made from?
Back: Riesling

Front: What does Deutscher Sekt bA indicate?
Back: Sekt wherein all the grapes come from one of Germany's quality regions

Front: Describe rare premium Sekt from Germany
Back: Grapes are grown in individual vineyards and it is vinified using the traditional method

Front: Describe sparkling wines from Australia's cool to moderate regionsList some such regions
Back: Capable of producing complex, elegant traditional method wines, usually from Chardonnay and Pinot NoirNon-vintage, vintage, rosé, Blanc de Blancs and Blanc de NoirsYarra Valley, Adelaide Hill and Tasmania
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Name: Describe sparkling wines from Australias cool to moderate r

Front: What kind of sparkling wines are typically produced in warm regions of Australia?Give an example of such a region
Back: Inexpensive wines produced by tank method or carbonationFruity in style and in a range of sweetness levelsFrom many different varietiesRiverina
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Name: What kind of sparkling wines are typically produced in warm

Front: In which country have sparkling red wines had the most success?
Back: Australia
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Name: In which country have sparkling red wines had the most succe

Front: What has happened to the sales of sparkling red wines over the last few years?
Back: They have gradually declined
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Name: What has happened to the sales of sparkling red wines over t

Front: From which variety are the best sparkling reds of Australia typically made?
Back: Shiraz
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Name: From which variety are the best sparkling reds of Australia

Front: From which varieties have some Australian wineries produced excellent sparkling reds (other than Shiraz)?
Back: Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon
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Name: From which varieties have some Australian wineries produced

Front: Using which method are inexpensive sparkling reds made in Australia?
Back: Carbonation or tank method
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Name: Using which method are inexpensive sparkling reds made in Au

Front: Using which method are better examples of sparkling red produced in Australia?
Back: By transfer or the traditional method
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Name: Using which method are better examples of sparkling red prod

Front: Describe flavours of sparkling red wines in Australia
Back: Full-bodiedSmooth tanninsRed berry fruitSome residual sugar

Front: What is the reputation for sparkling wine in New Zealand?
Back: For high quality traditional method sparkling wines made from Champagne grapes

Front: Why is New Zealand suitable for Chardonnay and Pinot Noir growth?
Back: As a result of its relatively southern position in the southern hemisphere and maritime climate with cool sea breezesThese influences mean that it can ripen the grapes slowly enough to produce elegant sparkling wines
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Name: Why is New Zealand suitable for Chardonnay and Pinot Noir gr

Front: What styles of sparkling wine are produced in New Zealand?
Back: A range, including vintage, non-vintage, rosé, Blanc de Blancs and Blanc de Noirs

Front: Where in New Zealand are grapes for their sparkling wine grown?
Back: In all of its wine regions with the exception of Auckland
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Name: Where in New Zealand are grapes for their sparkling wine gro

Front: Which region of New Zealand produces the highest volumes of sparkling wine?
Back: Marlborough
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Name: Which region of New Zealand produces the highest volumes of

Front: Describe sparkling wines from the warmer regions of New Zealand?
Back: Richer style than those produced in the South Island
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Name: Describe sparkling wines from the warmer regions of New Zeal

Front: How do producers often take advantage of the difference in sparkling styles produced in New Zealand's North and South Island?
Back: They will often make cross regional blends
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Name: How do producers often take advantage of the difference in s

Front: Besides Champagne styles, what other style of sparkling wine is relatively common in New Zealand? Using which method and why?
Back: Sparkling Sauvignon BlancUsually by the tank method or carbonation to retain the intense aromas and flavours of the grape variety
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Name: Besides Champagne styles, what other style of sparkling wine

Front: What does Méthode Cap Classique mean on sparkling wines in South Africa?
Back: They have been made using the traditional method
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Name: What does Méthode Cap Classique mean on sparkling wines in S

Front: Where is fruit sourced from for traditional South African sparkling wine?
Back: Throughout the Western Cape
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Name: Where is fruit sourced from for traditional South African sp

Front: From which varieties are South Africa's best sparkling wines made?
Back: Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
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Name: From which varieties are South Africas best sparkling wines

Front: Why is site selection so important in South Africa?
Back: Due to its warm climate

Front: Where are the best sites found for South Africa's sparkling wines?
Back: On the country's hillside slopes with a south-eastern aspect or near the coast
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Name: Where are the best sites found for South Africas sparkling

Front: Many premium South African sparkling producers belong to the...
Back: Cap Classique Producers Association
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Name: Many premium South African sparkling producers belong to the

Front: What are the CCPA's ageing recommendations?
Back: That members age their wines on lees for a minimum of 12 months
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Name: What are the CCPAs ageing recommendations?

Front: What are the ageing requirements in South Africa for using the term Cap Classique?
Back: 9 months
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Name: What are the ageing requirements in South Africa for using t

Front: What is the domestic market for sparkling wines in South Africa?
Back: For off-dry to sweet carbonated sparkling wines
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Name: What is the domestic market for sparkling wines in South Afr

Front: Which region is responsible for the vast majority of sparkling wine production in the USA?
Back: California
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Name: Which region is responsible for the vast majority of sparkli

Front: Where in California do the best sparkling wines come from?
Back: Cooler locations such as Los Carneros AVA and Anderson Valley AVA

Front: How and with what are California's best sparkling wines made?
Back: Using the traditional methodWith Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
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Name: How and with what are Californias best sparkling wines made

Front: What is typical ageing for premium Californian sparkling?
Back: Extended ageing on lees (five years is not uncommon)

Front: Describe the flavours of California's best sparkling wines
Back: Concentrated complex flavours balanced by high acidity
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Name: Describe the flavours of Californias best sparkling wines

Front: What is the role of inexpensive, high-volume wine in California?
Back: Large volumes are made using tank method or carbonation
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Name: What is the role of inexpensive, high-volume wine in Califor

Front: Describe the flavours of California's inexpensive sparkling wines
Back: Medium sweet to sweet in styleTypically fruityFrom a range of grape varieties grown in high-yielding regions such a Central Valley
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Name: Describe the flavours of Californias inexpensive sparkling