Title: WSET Level 3 / WSET Level 3 C24 - Tokaj

Front: Where is the region of Tokaj?
Back: In the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains in the far north east of Hungary and close to the Slovakian border

Front: Describe the climate of Tokaj
Back: Moderate continental

Front: Where are the best vineyards of Tokaj located?
Back: On hillside slopes with southerly aspects

Front: How are the conditions created for noble rot to develop in Tokaj?
Back: By the Bodrog and Tisza rivers and their many tributariesThey generate the necessary early morning humidity
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Name: How are the conditions created for noble rot to develop in T

Front: What are the three principal grape varieties used for the creation of Tokaji?
Back: Furmint
Hárslevelű
Sárga Muskotály
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Name: What are the three principal grape varieties used for the cr

Front: What is the most widely planted variety used in the making of Tokaji?
Back: Furmint
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Name: What is the most widely planted variety used in the making o

Front: Describe Hungarian wines made from Furmint
Back: Concentrated, high acid winesFlavours of apples when youngNuts and honey when aged

Front: What is the principal grape variety used for Aszú wines?
Back: Furmint

Front: Why is Furmint better known for Aszú wines than dry wines?
Back: Due to its late-ripening and susceptibility to botrytis

Front: What does Hárslevelű contribute to a blend? Is it early or late-ripening?
Back: PerfumeLate-ripening
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Name: What does Hárslevelű contribute to a blend? Is it early or l

Front: By what more common name is Sárga Muskotály known?
Back: Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains

Front: What is Sárga Muskotály used for in blends?
Back: Its aromatic qualities

Front: What styles are Tokaji made into?
Back: Sweet wines Dry wines

Front: What is unique about completed Tokaji wines?
Back: Sweet wines are sold in 50cl bottles (dry are in 75cl bottles)

Front: Describe a producer's output during an average vintage in Tokaj
Back: Depending on the degree of noble rot development, a producer will often make a number of different styles
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Name: Describe a producers output during an average vintage in To

Front: How do producers allow for different styles in Tokaj?
Back: They may separate the grapes into three different categories during the harvest

Front: What is the Hungarian name for rotten grapes?
Back: Aszú

Front: How will appropriate grapes be separated during harvest in Hungary?
Back: Pickers will pass through the vineyards several times, selecting individual aszú grapes
The remainder will be picked separately
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Name: How will appropriate grapes be separated during harvest in H

Front: What does Szamorodni mean?
Back: 'As it comes'

Front: What is Szamorodni?
Back: It involves picking bunches partially affected by noble rot

Front: What is the role of dry Tokaji wines unaffected by botrytis?
Back: Gaining in importance
Allows producers to make wine when noble rot is less rife

Front: Describe the range of styles of dry Tokaji
Back: From simple, unoaked, early-drinking wines to more concentrated, age-worthy blends, which are often fermented and matured in new oak

Front: What are dry Tokaji wines usually made from?
Back: Furmint

Front: What are the Hungarian terms for dry and sweet?
Back: Dry: Száraz
Sweet: Édes

Front: What is unique about dry Szamorodni wines?
Back: They will show noble rot characters

Front: Describe the role of ageing for Szamorodni wines
Back: They must be aged in cask for a minimum of one year and be a minimum of two years old before release
Casks are not completely filled to allow for flor to form on the surface

Front: Which wine has a similar character to Szamorodni?
Back: Fino Sherry

Front: Which Tokaji wines use flor?
Back: Only Szamorodni

Front: What is the result of flor not being used for sweet styles of Tokaji?
Back: They may have an oxidative character
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Name: What is the result of flor not being used for sweet styles o

Front: What is the trend with sweet Tokaji making now?
Back: To fill the casks, avoiding the risk of oxidative character developing

Front: Describe the process of making Aszú wines
Back: Starts with a base wine of healthy grapesBefore, during or after fermentation, Aszú berries are macerated in the base wineMixture is pressed and matured in oak

Front: How long is Aszú wine macerated for?
Back: 12 - 60 hours

Front: How were Aszú berries traditionally treated before maceration for Tokaji? What is different now and why?
Back: They were crushed into a pasteThey are usually used uncrushed now to avoid the extraction of bitter flavours
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Name: How were Aszú berries traditionally treated before maceratio

Front: How is wine sweetness determined for Tokaji?
Back: By the amount of Aszú berries used

Front: What is the Hungarian unit of sweetness?
Back: The puttony

Front: Describe classic Aszú Tokaji
Back: Deep amber
High acidity
Intense aromas/flavours of orange peel, apricots and honey

Front: Describe the development of Tokaji concentration
Back: The wines become more concentrated and intense as they rise up the sweetness scale

Front: What essentially are Tokaji Eszencia wines?
Back: Extremely rare sweet wines from Tokaj which are rarely available outside the region of production

Front: How are Tokaji Eszencia wines made?
Back: Using just the free-run juice of the aszú berriesThe must is so sweet, the wines can take years to fermentEven after that time, the wines may not have reached 5% abv

Front: What is the legal minimum of alcohol for Tokaji Eszencia?
Back: 450 g/L

Front: Describe Tokaji Eszencia flavours
Back: They are balanced by very high acidity and have an enormously concentrated flavour
Can mature and retain freshness for a century or more

Front: How are Tokaj's modern sweet wines made?
Back: From grapes that spend an extended time on the vine
Some use botrytis infected fruit
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Name: How are Tokajs modern sweet wines made?

Front: How is vinification of Tokaj's modern sweet wines different to that of Aszú wines?
Back: When botrytis is present, the botrytised grapes are fermented, rather than using the maceration process of Aszú wines
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Name: How is vinification of Tokajs modern sweet wines different

Front: How else are Tokaj's modern sweet wines made differently to Aszú wines?
Back: They may be matured for less time than Aszú wines
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Name: How else are Tokajs modern sweet wines made differently to

Front: How are Tokaj's modern sweet wines usually labelled?
Back: 'Late Harvest'
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Name: How are Tokajs modern sweet wines usually labelled?

Front: Since when have producers of Tokaj been working with new regulations with regard to wine making and labelling?
Back: 2013
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Name: Since when have producers of Tokaj been working with new reg

Front: Why are Tokaj's new legal regulations only partially relevant?
Back: The regulations are not yet/freshly implemented, and vintages up to 2012 will still be on the market for a long time
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Name: Why are Tokajs new legal regulations only partially relevan

Front: What is the traditional minimum sugar for Tokaji Aszú?
Back: 60g/L

Front: How would Tokaji Aszú be traditionally labelled regarding sweetness?
Back: On a scale of three to six puttonyos depending on the levels of residual sugar above 60g/L
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Name: How would Tokaji Aszú be traditionally labelled regarding sw

Front: What were the traditional minimum ageing restrictions for Tokaji Aszú?
Back: 24 months in oak
Wine could only be released from January in the fourth year after harvest
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Name: What were the traditional minimum ageing restrictions for To

Front: What was the minimum residual sugar level required for Aszú wines to be labelled as Aszú Eszencia?
Back: 180g/L
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Name: What was the minimum residual sugar level required for Aszú

Front: How has the minimum sugar level for Tokaji Aszú been changed under 2013 laws?
Back: It has increased to 120g/L
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Name: How has the minimum sugar level for Tokaji Aszú been changed

Front: What was previously required in Tokaj to have 120g/L?
Back: A wine with a sweetness level of 5 puttonyos

Front: How must wines be labelled in Tokaj when they have sugar levels below 120g/L?
Back: Late Harvest or Tokaji Szamorodni depending on how they're made
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Name: How must wines be labelled in Tokaj when they have sugar lev

Front: Which wine term in Tokaj has been abolished under the 2013 law?
Back: Aszú Eszencia
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Name: Which wine term in Tokaj has been abolished under the 2013 l

Front: How have regulations changed for Tokaji Aszú?
Back: They are now subject to shorter ageing requirements; 18 months in oak
They can be released from the January of the third year after harvest
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Name: How have regulations changed for the Tokaji Aszú changed?