Title: WSET Level 3 / WSET Level 3 C10 - Factors that Aff

Front: What are the seven broad brackets into which winemaking costs can be split?
Back: Grape growingWinemakingPackagingTransport, distribution and salesTaxesRetailersMarket forces
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Name: What are the seven broad brackets into which winemaking cost

Front: What are the costs associated with establishing a vineyard?
Back: The land (especially in high-reputation regions)Soil preparationCost of vinesBuilding the trellis

Front: What is typically the largest production cost in an established vineyard?
Back: Labour
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Name: What is typically the largest production cost in an establis

Front: How may the cost of labour be kept low?
Back: By relying on a seasonal, casual workforce or mechanisation

Front: How may labour costs be further reduced in an established vineyard?
Back: By growers sharing labour or machines
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Name: How may labour costs be further reduced in an established vi

Front: Where are the money saving economies in vineyards less possible?
Back: In steep vineyards and some isolated sites
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Name: Where are the money saving economies in vineyards less possi

Front: Other than practical considerations, what else may affect the price of grapes?
Back: Market forces
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Name: Other than practical considerations, what else may affect th

Front: What are the most obvious costs involved in winemaking?
Back: Equipping and maintaining the winery with necessary equipment

Front: Give an example of winery equipment which can be shared (reducing costs)
Back: Bottling facilities
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Name: Give an example of winery equipment which can be shared (red

Front: Other than cost of equipment, what else must be considered regarding cost of winemaking?
Back: Time kept at the winery before release
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Name: Other than cost of equipment, what else must be considered r

Front: Why is time kept at the winery an important cost consideration in winemaking?
Back: Storage facilities can be expensive to maintainA lot of money is tied up in stock that cannot be sold to generate a profit straightaway (delay on sale is factored into the price of the wine)
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Name: Why is time kept at the winery an important cost considerati

Front: Which main aspects of packaging factor into the cost of wine?
Back: Bottles, labels, capsules, closures and cartons (design and purchase)
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Name: Which main aspects of packaging factor into the cost of wine

Front: What kind of packaging is more costly?
Back: Unusually shaped or heavy bottles

Front: How can packaging costs be reduced?
Back: By bottling in the market where the wine is to be sold

Front: Why is it not always possible to bottle at the intended market?
Back: This is only possible for large producersIt is not always permitted by local wine laws
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Name: Why is it not always possible to bottle at the intended mark

Front: Describe the role of taxes in the cost of wine
Back: Nearly every government taxes alcoholic drinkTax levels vary wildly from country to country

Front: What is the logic behind taxation of alcoholic beverages?
Back: This tax is seen as essential to controlling alcohol consumption by increasing retail priceThe tax is an important source of government revenue

Front: Describe the role of retailers in wine cost
Back: Shops and generate will add money to the cost of wine so that they can make a profit

Front: Why is wine generally more expensive in restaurants than shops?
Back: Restaurants expect to generate more profit from wineThe price also reflects the occasion, the environment and the level/style of service
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Name: Why is wine generally more expensive in restaurants than sho

Front: What is the broadest/largest determiner of the cost of wine?
Back: Market forces (how much the destination market is prepared to pay)

Front: Pertaining to market forces, when may the retail price of a wine far outweigh the costs?
Back: Where high demand exists for a product available in limited supply
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Name: Pertaining to market forces, when may the retail price of a

Front: Give a wine type, the price of which has suffered the effects of high demand and limited supply
Back: Bordeaux premium estate wines
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Name: Give a wine type, the price of which has suffered the effect

Front: Give an example of an area where some vineyards have been unable to sustain themselves due to demand being too low
Back: Some steep vineyard Mosel sites
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Name: Give an example of an area where some vineyards have been un

Front: What are the three main types of wine producer?
Back: Co-operativesMerchantsEstates

Front: What is a wine co-operative?
Back: A wine business owned by its members; typically grape growers

Front: What is the major advantage for a grower of co-operatives?
Back: They are guaranteed a buyer

Front: What is the potential large disadvantage for winemakers of a co-operative?
Back: They may not always have complete control over the quality of grapes supplied by their employers
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Name: What is the potential large disadvantage for winemakers of a

Front: What quality can one expect from co-operative wineries?
Back: Any (some produce the best wines of their area)

Front: Where are co-operatives most common?
Back: In europe

Front: Why are co-operatives most common in europe?
Back: Because vineyard holdings in europe are on average too small to run economically

Front: Describe wine merchants' roles
Back: They buy grapes, juice or wine from growers or co-operatives
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Name: Describe wine merchants roles

Front: Why do merchants often have more control over their source material than co-operatives?
Back: They have contracts with their suppliers
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Name: Why do merchants often have more control over their source m

Front: What challenge can wine merchants face with regard to grape supply? Under what circumstances is this applicable?
Back: Producers may be more selective with grapes, but in areas where demand can outstrip supply, it can be difficult to guarantee a regular supply of grapes
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Name: What challenge can wine merchants face with regard to grape

Front: On what scale do wine merchants operate?
Back: They can operate on small, premium wine production or operate on a large scale, producing different wines

Front: Where are wine merchants most common?
Back: Outside of Europe

Front: Why are wine merchants more common outside of europe?
Back: Average vineyard holdings are larger and producers have to deal with less growers

Front: Which type of wine producer is most common amongst many of the large wine brands?
Back: Merchants
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Name: Which type of wine producer is most common amongst many of t

Front: What is the french name for wine merchants?
Back: Negociant

Front: Describe an 'estate' merchant
Back: They make wine from only the grapes they grow
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Name: Describe an estate merchant

Front: Which type of wine producer typically makes on the smallest scale?
Back: Estates
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Name: Which type of wine producer typically makes on the smallest

Front: What is the result of wine estates producing on a small scale?
Back: It gives the producer the most control over the production process
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Name: What is the result of wine estates producing on a small scal

Front: What is the big disadvantage for wine estates?
Back: They tend to have fewer blending options as they rely purely on their own crops

Front: When is it particularly disadvantageous for a wine producer to have fewer blending options?
Back: In years when growing conditions have been poor
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Name: When is it particularly disadvantageous for a wine producer

Front: What is the french word sometimes used for estate?
Back: Domaine