Title: WSET Level 3 / WSET Level 3 C22 - Germany

Front: What climate does the majority of Germany's vineyard areas have?
Back: Cool continental (with the associated viticultural challenges)Wet summers with rain declining in autumn
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Name: What climate does the majority of Germanys vineyard areas h

Front: Where in Germany are vineyards noticeably warmer?
Back: Baden in the far south

Front: What effect does Germany's climate have on grapes?
Back: The long, cool ripening period allows grapes to reach sugar ripeness while retaining acidity
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Name: What effect does Germanys climate have on grapes?

Front: What kind of wines can be made in every region of Germany?
Back: Botrytised sweet wines

Front: Why is there so much variance in German wines from year to year?
Back: Due to high variations in annual water conditions
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Name: Why is there so much variance in German wines from year to y

Front: What is the result of the marginal conditions in Germany?
Back: Small differences in vineyards can have a large impact on the wines produced

Front: Describe the typically best site in all german regions
Back: Steep, often stony slopesSoutherly aspect

Front: Describe grape-growing practices in Germany
Back: Worked on by handIn steepest parts, equipment is manoeuvred into place by winchesVines are head-pruned, individually staked with canes tied in at the top of the stakes to maximise grape exposure to light and air circulation

Front: What might the benefit be to a vine's proximity to rivers in Germany?
Back: Reflected sunlight can help grapes to ripenAir movement caused by flowing water can help to protect against frosts
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Name: What might the benefit be to a vines proximity to rivers in

Front: By which oenological characteristic are grapes classified in Germany? What effect does this have on the growing season?
Back: By must weight (level of sugar in grape juice)The harvest can be spread out over a period of weeks and months
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Name: By which oenological characteristic are grapes classified in

Front: It is possible to make a range of Qualitätsweine and Prädikatsweine each year from...
Back: An individual vineyard
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Name: It is possible to make a range of Qualitätsweine and Prädika

Front: How will harvest be performed in vineyards producing different levels of Qualitätsweine?
Back: Pickers will pass through the vineyard several times to ensure that they get the ideal grapes for each category of wine
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Name: How will harvest be performed in vineyards producing differe

Front: Besides picking-passes, how else may grapes be sorted for different levels of wine in Germany?
Back: They may be sorted and categorised after each picking
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Name: Besides picking-passes, how else may grapes be sorted for di

Front: What is the style trend in Germany? What has dictated this?
Back: For dry winesThe demands of the local market

Front: How may the red and white wines (of varying quality) of Germany be sold?
Back: As Qualitätsweine
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Name: How may the red and white wines (of varying quality) of Germ

Front: Why are the dry red and white mass wines of Germany not usually labelled as Prädikatsweine?
Back: This is largely the preserve of white wines
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Name: Why are the dry red and white mass wines of Germany not usua

Front: In terms of vineyard plantings and quality, what is the most important wine grape of Germany?
Back: Riesling
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Name: In terms of vineyard plantings and quality, what is the most

Front: Which grape must be used for Prädikatsweine?
Back: There are several options

Front: What is the most widely planted grape variety in Germany?
Back: Riesling

Front: What is the style of Riesling wines in Germany?
Back: It varies due to differences in soil and climateFrom delicate and floral, to richer peachy fruit character Bone dry to lusciously sweet

Front: How are dry styles of Riesling in Germany often labelled?
Back: Qualitätsweine

Front: What is the style range for dry Rieslings in Germany?
Back: From light and fruity to very concentrated and intense

Front: How are many of the very best dry Rieslings of Germany labelled?
Back: Grosses Gewächs (GG)
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Name: How are many of the very best dry Rieslings of Germany label

Front: Nearly all wines labelled as Prädikatsweine will have...
Back: Residual sugar

Front: Up to which category is possible to make a wine in a dry style?
Back: Auslese
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Name: Up to which category is possible to make a wine in a dry sty

Front: What is the key to understanding Prädikatsweine?
Back: To think of them as an indicator of style

Front: What is the most delicate of the Prädikatsweine styles?
Back: Kabinett

Front: Describe Kabinett wines
What levels of alcohol do they attain?
Back: Light in body
High acidity
Flavours of green apple or citrus fruit, balanced with residual sweetness
Sweet styles will have an alcohol level of 8-9% abv
Drier styles can reach 12% abv
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Name: Describe Kabinett wines

Front: How can Kabinett wines be made sweet?
Back: By stopping fermentation early (better quality wines)By adding sugar after fermentation (Süssreserve)

Front: Why is stopping fermentation seen as a better quality way of creating sweetness?
Back: It achieves a better sugar/acid balance
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Name: Why is stopping fermentation seen as a better quality way of

Front: Describe Spätlese wines
Back: Made in the same way as Kabinett wines, but more concentrated, riper and with a little more body, alcohol and sometimes sweetness
Citrus and stone fruit aromas (peach or apricot)

Front: Describe Auslese wines
Back: Made from individually selected extra-ripe bunchesRicher and riper than Spätlese winesNoble rot can be involved

Front: Describe Beerenauslese (BA) and Trockenbeerenauslese (TBA) wines
Back: Noble rot essential to achieving required must weights for TBA - not essential for BA wines, but noble rot still typicalSome sites more suitable than others, but these styles not necessarily produced every yearVolumes vary considerably when producedSweet and low in alcoholFlavours of honey, dried stone fruit, candied peel and flowersSome of the best sweet wines in the world
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Name: Describe Beerenauslese (BA) and Trockenbeerenauslese (TBA) w

Front: Describe Eiswein
Back: Genuinely rare and made infrequentlyVery sweetPure varietal fruit flavours

Front: What is the flavour focus of Eiswein?
Back: Varietal purityThe best Eisweins achieve a balance between acidity and sweetness

Front: Which additional winemaking methods may winemakers use to maintain varietal flavours in Eiswein?
Back: Using carefully selected yeast, handling juice with care and avoiding processes which can mask the flavours of the grape such as MLF and new oak
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Name: Which additional winemaking methods may winemakers use to ma

Front: Give an alternative name for Müller-Thurgau
Back: Rivaner

Front: When was Müller-Thurgau created and between which grapes?
Back: 1880s
Riesling and Madeleine Royale

Front: How does MT compare with Riesling?
Back: It ripens earlier, but does not have the same level of acidity or intensity of flavour

Front: What kinds of flavours can Müller-Thurgau produce?
Back: Attractive floral and fruity flavours

Front: What are quality levels of MT like in Germany?
Back: Rarely high

Front: What is the second most widely planted white grape variety in Germany?
Back: Müller-Thurgau
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Name: What is the second most widely planted white grape variety i

Front: Which white grape is on a steady decline? Why?
Back: Müller-ThurgauThe market for inexpensive medium-dry/medium-sweet Qualitätsweine made from the variety has declined

Front: What is Germany's third most widely planted white grape variety?
Back: Silvaner
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Name: What is Germanys third most widely planted white grape vari

Front: Where is Silvaner mainly found in Germany?
Back: In those regions where it has traditionally been strongParticularly Rheinhessen and Franken

Front: What style is Silvaner made into?
Back: Dry and sweet styles

Front: What is the profile of Silvaner wines in Germany?
Back: Less acidic and less overtly fruity than RieslingSometimes have an earthy quality

Front: What kind of quality can Silvaner produce?
Back: High quality on the right sites

Front: Name the 'other' white varieties which are growing in importance in Germany
Back: Grauburgunder (Pinot Gris)Weißburgunder (Pinot Blanc)
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Name: Name the other white varieties which are growing in import

Front: How are Grauburgunder and Weißburgunder often labelled?
Back: Using the French or Italian name

Front: What style are Grauburgunder and Weißburgunder often made into?
Back: Dry styles
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Name: What style are Grauburgunder and Weißburgunder often made in

Front: How else is Spätburgunder known?
Back: Pinot Noir

Front: What is the third most planted grape variety in Germany?
Back: Spätburgunder

Front: What kind of German vineyards does Spätburgunder thrive in?
Back: The warmer sites

Front: Where is Spätburgunder most important in Germany?
Back: Pfalz and Baden

Front: What styles are Spätburgunder wines made into?
Back: DryEither relatively light and fruity or in a more concentrated style with oak aromas

Front: Which is the second most widely planted black variety in Germany?
Back: Dornfelder
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Name: Which is the second most widely planted black variety in Ger

Front: What is fairly unique to Dornfelder wines in Germany?
Back: They are very deeply coloured

Front: List three more popular black grape varieties in GermanyWhat style do they usually produce?
Back: PortugieserTrollinger Scwarzriesling (Pinot Meunier)Usually light-bodied and fruity wines, though some intensely coloured and flavoured examples with oak character do exist
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Name: List three more popular black grape varieties in GermanyWhat

Front: How are Germany's less popular red wines marketed?
Back: As Qualitätsweine and consumed by the domestic market
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Name: How are Germanys less popular red wines marketed?

Front: Where is the Mosel region?
Back: Between where it joins the Rhine and the German border and its two small tributaries; the Saar and the Ruwer

Front: Which grapes dominate the Mosel?
Back: White grapesMostly Riesling

Front: Which varieties are permitted for Grosses Gewächs wines in the Mosel?
Back: Only Riesling
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Name: Which varieties are permitted for Grosses Gewächs wines in t

Front: Where in the Mosel is production concentrated?
Back: In the centre of the region, in an area called the Middle Mosel

Front: What are the Middle Mosel villages with an established reputation for top-quality wine?
Back: PiesportBernkastelWehlen
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Name: What are the Middle Mosel villages with an established reput

Front: Describe the best vineyards of the Middle Mosel
Back: Very steep slopesSlate soilsRight next to the river

Front: Describe the Riesling wines of Mosel's best vineyards
Back: Lighter in body, lower in alcohol and higher in acidity than those of Rheingau, Rheinhessen and Pfalz
Floral and green fruit flavours
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Name: Describe the Riesling wines of Mosels best vineyards

Front: How many plantings of Riesling are in the cooler Saar and Ruwer areas of Mosel
Back: Only a tiny percentage of the overall plantings
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Name: How many plantings of Riesling are in the cooler Saar and Ru

Front: How do the best wines of the Saar/Ruwer compare with those of the Middle Mosel?
Back: They are comparable in style and quality, with even more acidity
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Name: How do the best wines of the Saar/Ruwer compare with those o

Front: What can happen in the Mosel in cooler vintages?
Back: Grapes may not ripen in even the best sitesThe grapes may then be used in sparkling wine production

Front: Where is the Nahe region?
Back: Between Mosel and Rheinhessen

Front: Where are the best sites in Nahe?
Back: On steep, south-facing slopes on the banks of the river Nahe, between the villages of Schlossböckelheim and Bad Kreuznach

Front: What are the best wines of Nahe made from?
Back: Riesling

Front: What is the most widely planted variety of Nahe?
Back: Riesling

Front: What style is Riesling made into in Nahe?
Back: Somewhere between that of Mosel and the fuller-bodied style of Rheingau, Rheinhessen and Pfalz
Pronounced acidity of Mosel
Riper fruit character than that of Mosel due to warmer character

Front: Which varieties are permitted for Grosses-Gewächs wines in Nahe?
Back: Riesling only
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Name: Which varieties are permitted for Grosses-Gewächs wines in N

Front: How is Rheingau best described?
Back: Small but prestigious

Front: Where is Rheingau?
Back: North of Rheinhessen, east of Mosel

Front: Where in Rheingau are most vineyards situated? Describe them
Back: On the slopes of the north bank of the River Rhine (in the west of the region) and the River Main (in the east) They have a southerly aspect

Front: Other than their southerly aspect, what other feature of the best sites in Rheingau contributes to their favourable terroir?
Back: The protection from winds offered by the Taunus Hills to the north
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Name: Other than their southerly aspect, what other feature of the

Front: Where are the majority of vineyards in Rheingau?
Back: On the slopes to the west of the region and surrounding the villages of Johannisberg and Rüdesheim

Front: Which grape variety dominates plantings in Rheingau?
Back: Riesling

Front: What style are the wines of Rheingau?
Back: Dry

Front: Describe Rieslings of Rheingau
Back: Medium to full-body
Distinctive ripe peach character

Front: What other style of wines can be made in Rheingau? Why?
Back: Some of Germany's best BA and TBA wines
Due to high humidity

Front: Around which village to the east of Rheingau are vineyards centred around?
Back: Hochheim
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Name: Around which village to the east of Rheingau are vineyards c

Front: Describe wines from around Hochheim
Back: Can be riper and fuller bodied due to a slightly warmer climate

Front: Which other grape variety can do well in Rheingau? Where specifically?
Back: Spätburgunder
To the west of Rüdesheim in the village of Assmannhausen
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Name: Which other grape variety can do well in Rheingau? Where spe

Front: Which grapes of Rheingau can be used for Grosses Gewächs wines?
Back: Riesling
Spätburgunder
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Name: Which grapes of Rheingau can be used for Grosses Gewächs win

Front: What is the largest wine region in Germany?
Back: Rheinhessen

Front: Which varieties are planted in Rheinhessen?
Back: There's a very broad range of varieties planted

Front: What are the most planted white varieties in Rheinhessen?
Back: Müller-Thurgau and Riesling

Front: Which red varieties dominate in Rheinhessen?
What percentage of plantings do they occupy here?
Back: Dornfelder
Portugieser
Spätburgunder
30%
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Name: Which red varieties dominate in Rheinhessen? What percentage

Front: Which wines of Rheinhessen can be used for GG?
Back: Riesling
Spätburgunder

Front: Where are the best wines of Rheinhessen produced?
Back: On the steeply terraced vineyards on the west bank of the Rhine, centred around the village of Nierstein

Front: What are the terraces around Nierstein sometimes called?
Back: The Rheinterrasse

Front: What reputation do the Rheinterrasse have in the wine world of Germany?
Back: As producing some the fullest bodied Rieslings in Germany
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Name: What reputation do the Rheinterrasse have in the wine world

Front: What other wine movement is happening in Germany? Whereabouts and what is happening?
Back: In some less known parts of Rheinhessen e.g. the area in the south near Worms, top-quality wines have begun to be produced
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Name: What other wine movement is happening in Germany? Whereabout

Front: What reputation does Rheinhessen have?
Back: As a result of its new winemaking movement, it has a reputation for innovation and excellence

Front: What is the second largest wine producing area of Germany?
Back: Pfalz

Front: How can the vineyards of Pfalz be seen geographically?
Back: As a continuation of the vineyards of Alsace

Front: Describe the vineyards of Pfalz
Back: They run in a narrow 80km strip from the french border and lie to the east of the Haardt mountains (which are a continuation of the Vosges mountains)

Front: Describe the climate of Pfalz and its effect on vines
Back: It is the driest of the German regions and the vines can suffer from water stress

Front: What is the most widely planted variety in Pfalz?
Back: Riesling

Front: What reputation does Pfalz have in Germany for winemaking?
Back: It has the longest reputation for high quality winemaking

Front: Which other white grape is widely grown in Pfalz?
Back: Müller-Thurgau
Increasing plantings of Grauburgunder and Weißburgunder

Front: What percentage of vineyard area do black grape plantings account for in Pfalz?
Back: Just under 40%
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Name: What percentage of vineyard area do black grape plantings ac

Front: What is the second most planted grape of either colour in Pfalz?
Back: Dornfelder
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Name: What is the second most planted grape of either colour?

Front: Which other red grapes are grown in Pfalz?
Back: Portugieser (for the local market)
Spätburgunder (which is gaining an international reputation)

Front: From which varieties can GG wines be made in Pfalz?
Back: Riesling
Weißburgunder
Spätburgunder
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Name: From which varieties can GG wines be made?

Front: Where are Pfalz's most established quality vineyards located?
Back: Forst
Deidesheim
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Name: Where are Pfalzs most established quality vineyards located

Front: What is the collective name for Forst and Deidesheim?
Back: Mittelhaardt

Front: Where in relation to Mittelhaardt are the vineyards?
Back: On the steep slopes to the west

Front: What is the style of wines produced in Mittelhaardt?
Back: Ripe and fuller-bodied

Front: Besides Rheinhessen, where else in Germany are new and young producers making top-quality wines?
Back: Pfalz
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Name: Besides Rheinhessen, where else in Germany are new and young

Front: What style are the wines of Pfalz being made into?
Back: Drier styles

Front: What is the warmest/most southerly region of Germany?
Back: Baden

Front: What are the wines of Baden like?
Back: Fullest-bodied with highest alcohols

Front: Describe the size of Baden
Back: The vineyards are spread over a large area, but in terms of vineyard area, it's only the third largest in Germany

Front: Where in Baden are most of the vineyards located?
Back: They are spaced out over a narrow strip of land that follows the Rhine to the Swiss border

Front: Around which areas are nearly a third of plantings focused in Baden?
Back: Kaiserstuhl and Tuniberg (opposite Colmar in Alsace)
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Name: Around which areas are nearly a third of plantings focused i

Front: How and where are the best vineyards of Baden situated?
Back: They are on the south facing slope of Kaiserstuhl (an extinct volcano)

Front: What is the most widely planted variety in Baden?
Back: Spätburgunder

Front: Which area has the best reputation for Spätburgunder in Baden?
Back: Kaiserstuhl
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Name: Which area has the best reputation for Spätburgunder in Bade

Front: After Spätburgunder, what are the most widely planted varieties in Baden, listed in descending order?
Back: Müller-ThurgauGrauburgunderWeißburgunderRiesling
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Name: After Spätburgunder, what are the most widely planted variet

Front: Which variety can be used for GG wines in Baden?
Back: A range of red and white wines can be used

Front: What is unusual about Franken in relation to the rest of Germany?
Back: Riesling is neither most widely planted, nor is it considered to be prestigious
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Name: What is unusual about Franken in relation to the rest of Ger

Front: What is seen as the top wine grape of Franken?
Back: Silvaner

Front: What are the key viticultural characteristics of Silvaner?
Back: Early flowering and ripeningSusceptible to frost damage

Front: On what kinds of sites is Silvaner planted in Franken?
Back: In the warmest sites

Front: What is the result of Silvaner being planted in the warmest sites of Franken?
Back: It is able to reach a level of ripeness rarely achieved elsewhere in Germany
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Name: What is the result of Silvaner being planted in the warmest

Front: Where are the best wines of Franken?
Back: From the south-facing slopes around Würzburg

Front: Describe the best wines of Franken
Back: Dry, with a richness on the palateWith an earthy quality

Front: What is distinctive about the way Franken Silvaner is packaged?
Back: They are bottled in distinctive flask-shaped bottles
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Name: What is distinctive about the way Franken Silvaner is packag

Front: Which varieties can be used for GG wines?
Back: SilvanerRieslingWeißburgunderGrauburgunderSpätburgunder

Front: How are some German PGI wines labelled?
Back: Landwein

Front: How is German wine without a GI labelled?
Back: Deutscher Wein

Front: How many delimited regions are there for German PDO wines?
Back: 13

Front: What is the big difference between Germany's delimited regional PDO system and France's?
Back: Germany's is not linked to specific grape varieties
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Name: What is the big difference between Germanys delimited regio

Front: How are German wines typically labelled?
Back: Varietally and classified by minimum must weight at harvest

Front: What are the two fundamental levels in the German classification system?
Back: Qualitätswein
Prädikatswein
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Name: What are the two fundamental levels in the German classifica

Front: How is the Prädikatswein level divided?
Back: Into six Prädikat levels

Front: All PDO wines in Germany must come from...
Back: Only one region

Front: What must appear on a German PDO label?
Back: The name of the regionFor Prädikatsweine, the Prädikat levelVarietal labelling is common

Front: Other than Prädikat levels, how may different levels of wines be labelled?
Back: Dry= TrockenOff-dry/medium= Halbtrocken
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Name: Other than Prädikat levels, how may different levels of wine

Front: What is the alternative to Halbtrocken as a labelling term in Germany? Why may this be used instead?
Back: FeinherbSome producers believe 'Halbtrocken' has an association with lower quality wines
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Name: What is the alternative to Halbtrocken as a labelling term i

Front: What is the legal definition of 'Feinherb'?
Back: There is no legal definition
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Name: What is the legal definition of Feinherb?

Front: Other than written indications, how else may sugar levels be deduced for a German wine?
Back: From the wine category or alcohol level
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Name: Other than written indications, how else may sugar levels be

Front: When stated on German labels, how is vineyard location expressed? Give an example
Back: Village name followed by vineyard namePiesporter Goldtröpfchen
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Name: When stated on German labels, how is vineyard location expre

Front: How from the location name, may one deduce whether a German wine is from a single vineyard or multiple?
Back: It is not possible from location labelling, but price is a good indicator
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Name: How from the location name, may one deduce whether a German

Front: List in order, German categories by minimum must weight, from lowest to highest, including what style they can be made into
Back: Qualitätswein - dry to medium sweetPrädikatswein Kabinett - dry to medium sweetSpätlese- dry to medium sweetAuslese - dry to sweetBeerenauslese - sweet onlyEiswein - sweet onlyTrockenbeerenauslese - sweet only
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Name: List in order, German categories by minimum must weight, fro

Front: How may quality be indicated on a German label?
Back: There is no legally defined labelling term indicating quality

Front: Which German organisation has attempted to address the issue of labelling quality indications? Who are they?
Back: Verband Deutscher Prädikatsweingüter (VDP)A group of producers who have classified the vast majority of the best vineyard sites in Germany
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Name: Which German organisation has attempted to address the issue

Front: For which wines may Grosses Gewächs be used? How does it appear on labels?
Back: Dry Qualitätsweine from the best vineyard sites
'GG' and a bunch of grapes embossed on the neck of the bottle
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Name: For which wines may Grosses Gewächs be used? How does it app

Front: When did GG become a part of German law?
Back: It is not a part of German law