Title: WSET Level 3 / WSET Level 3 C38 - South Africa

Front: Where are most of South Africa's wine regions found?
Back: On the coast
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Name: Where are most of South Africas wine regions found?

Front: Why can South Africa produce a broad range of styles?
Back: Proximity to the coast and the mountainous backdrop

Front: What is the latitude range within which South Africa lies?
Back: 27° - 34˚ south of the equator

Front: What should be the result of the latitude range of South Africa? Why does this not necessarily apply?
Back: It should be hotVineyards here are subject to cooling influences
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Name: What should be the result of the latitude range of South Afr

Front: Where does South Africa's most important cooling influence come from?
Back: The Southern Ocean
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Name: Where does South Africas most important cooling influence c

Front: Describe the Benguela Current and its effects
Back: It is coldIt flows up from the Antarctic, past the tip and up the west coast of Africa, cooling coastal areas

Front: How is the cooling effect of the Benguela Current magnified?
Back: By the Cape Doctor

Front: Describe the Cape Doctor
Back: A regular, strong, south-easterly summer windBrings air cooled b the ocean further inland and can reduce temperatures by an additional couple of degrees in some areas

Front: What is South Africa's second cooling influence?
Back: The mountain ranges that run through the wine regions
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Name: What is South Africas second cooling influence?

Front: What do the mountain ranges of South Africa offer producers?
Back: A dramatic range of different altitudes and aspects
A multitude of different soils

Front: What is the influence of altitude on winemaking in South Africa?
Back: It has a marked impact on vineyard climate
Higher altitudes are cooler
Lower altitudes are warmer
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Name: What is the influence of altitude on winemaking in South Afr

Front: What kind of aspect may be seen as preferable in South Africa? Why?
Back: Southern aspectsTo benefit from cooler temperatures
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Name: What kind of aspect may be seen as preferable in South Afric

Front: Other than aspect and altitude, how else may mountains affect cooling in South Africa?
Back: They may cast shadows over vineyards at certain times of the day
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Name: Other than aspect and altitude, how else may mountains affec

Front: What secondary effect may mountain ranges have on cooling in South Africa nearer the coast?
Back: They can help channel the winds through the vineyards
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Name: What secondary effect may mountain ranges have on cooling in

Front: What is the most widely planted black variety in South Africa?
Back: Cabernet Sauvignon
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Name: What is the most widely planted black variety in South Afric

Front: How may Cabernet Sauvignon be used in wines in South Africa?
Back: Either as a varietal wine or in a blend with Merlot and Cabernet Franc for Bordeaux-style blends

Front: What style of wine can Merlot produce in South Africa?
Back: Full-bodied, plummy wines

Front: What are the main black varieties of South Africa?
Back: Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Syrah
Pinot Noir
Pinotage

Front: Beside the Bordeaux varieties, what is the next most planted black variety in South Africa?
Back: Syrah
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Name: Beside the Bordeaux varieties, what is the next most planted

Front: Describe Syrah wines from hot climates in South Africa
Back: Rich and full-bodiedHigh alcoholRipe black fruit flavoursSometimes earthy or meaty character

Front: How does Syrah from cooler areas of South Africa differ from those of the warmer climes?
Back: Less full-bodiedPeppery
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Name: How does Syrah from cooler areas of South Africa differ from

Front: Describe Pinot Noir's role in South Africa
Back: Less tolerant of the hot South African climatePlanted in small amounts in the coolest coastal areas
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Name: Describe Pinot Noirs role in South Africa

Front: What is the role of oak in the vinification of South African reds?
Back: The vast majority of premium reds are matured in oakAt least a proportion of new barrels used for toasty aromas
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Name: What is the role of oak in the vinification of South African

Front: Which varieties were crossed to make Pinotage?
Back: Pinot Noir x Cinsault

Front: Where was Pinotage developed?
Back: South Africa

Front: What is notable about the role of Pinotage in South Africa?
Back: It's hardly grown anywhere else in the world

Front: What style is Pinotage made into?
Back: It's made in a range of styles

Front: What is a 'Cape blend'?
Back: Where Pinotage is blended with international varieties
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Name: What is a Cape blend?

Front: What are the three most popular styles of Pinotage, single-varietal wine?
Back: Light, fruity style with red berry flavours
Full-bodied from old bush vines, with rich, spiced berry fruit
Intense coffee and chocolate aromas when fermented and/or stored with heavily toasted oak staves
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Name: What are the three most popular styles of Pinotage, single-v

Front: How is Pinotage often marketed?
Back: Often to highlight its unique style (dependent on what style its been vinified to)

Front: What is the most widely planted variety in South Africa?
Back: Chenin Blanc

Front: Describe the importance of Chenin Blanc as a variety in South Africa
Back: It's the most widely planted grape, but in decline
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Name: Describe the importance of Chenin Blanc as a variety in Sout

Front: What style is Chenin Blanc made into in South Africa
Back: Dry and sweet styles

Front: Describe basic wines from Chenin Blanc in South Africa
Back: Easy drinking with simple stone-fruit flavours

Front: What is the increasing trend when making Chenin Blanc wine in South Africa?
Back: An increasing number of producers are using Chenin from old bush vines
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Name: What is the increasing trend when making Chenin Blanc wine i

Front: What can be the effect on wine of making Chenin Blanc from old bush vines?
Back: It can offer more concentrated and complex flavours and a fuller texture
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Name: What can be the effect on wine of making Chenin Blanc from o

Front: What may barrel fermentation and barrel ageing contribute to a Chenin Blanc in South Africa?
Back: Extra body and toasty oak flavours
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Name: What may barrel fermentation and barrel ageing contribute to

Front: What is the second most widely planted white variety in South Africa? What is it used for?
Back: Colombard
A significant portion is used in the production of brandy
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Name: What is the second most widely planted white variety in Sout

Front: What is a consistent feature between wines made from Sauvignon Blanc in South Africa?
Back: They often have a herbaceous character
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Name: What is a consistent feature between wines made from Sauvign

Front: Where in South Africa do the best examples of Sauvignon Blanc come from?
Back: The coolest sites
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Name: Where in South Africa do the best examples of Sauvignon Blan

Front: What kind of flavours/aromas might the best examples of Sauvignon Blanc display?
Back: Very pure flavours of citrus and green fruit
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Name: What kind of flavours/aromas might the best examples of Sauv

Front: How is the necessary acidity and flavours achieved in Sauvignon Blanc's warmer sites in South Africa achieved?
Back: By picking earlier
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Name: How is the necessary acidity and flavours achieved in Sauvig

Front: Describe Chardonnay quality in South Africa
Back: It can be exceptional

Front: Which sites in South Africa produce the best examples of Chardonnay?
Back: The cooler sites
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Name: Which sites in South Africa produce the best examples of Cha

Front: Describe big contributing factors in the character of South Africa's best Chardonnays
Back: The use of Burgundian techniques such as lees-stirring and barrel fermentation
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Name: Describe big contributing factors in the character of South

Front: What is Muscat of Alexandria called in South Africa?
Back: Hanepoot

Front: What is Hanepoot used for in South Africa?
Back: Late-harvest dessert wines

Front: Besides late-harvesting, how may South African dessert wines be sweetened?
Back: Noble rot can have an influence
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Name: Besides late-harvesting, how may South African dessert wines

Front: Plantings of which white grape have increased dramatically in South Africa over the last couple of decades?
Back: Viognier
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Name: Plantings of which white grape have increased dramatically i

Front: What is the usual style of Viognier wines from South Africa?
Back: Rich, perfumed whites with a hint of toasty oak

Front: Which style of wine has recently emerged in South Africa, particularly in Swartland?
Back: High quality blends, often made from Chenin Blanc with Rhône varieties such as Marsanne, Rousanne, Grenache Blanc and Viognier
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Name: Which style of wine has recently emerged in South Africa, pa

Front: Where does well over 90% of wine made in South Africa come from?
Back: The Western Cape
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Name: Where does well over 90% of wine made in South Africa come f

Front: What are the most important regions of the Western Cape?
Back: Coastal RegionBreede River ValleyCape South Coast

Front: Where does the majority of wine NOT from the Western Cape come from in South Africa?
Back: Orange River in the Northern Cape
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Name: Where does the majority of wine NOT from the Western Cape co

Front: Briefly describe conditions in Orange River
Back: Very hot and irrigated

Front: What is wine from Orange River mostly known for?
Back: Mostly inexpensive whites the are rarely seen on export markets

Front: In South Africa, some wineries located in certain districts or wards may source their fruit from...How may these wines be labelled?
Back: A wider area than the GI in which they're locatedWith a region or a geographical unit e.g. Coastal Region or Western Cape
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Name: In South Africa, some wineries located in certain districts

Front: Where is the Stellenbosch region?
Back: From just inland of the coast at Somerset West right up into the mountains that surround the town of Stellenbosch itself

Front: What is the long-time hub of fine wine in South Africa?
Back: Stellenbosch

Front: Describe the climate of Stellenbosch
Back: Moderate to warm depending on location
Sufficient rain in winter
Summers rarely too hot

Front: Why are summers rarely too hot in Stellenbosch?
Back: Thanks to cool winds from False Bay that are funnelled by the mountains into the valleys

Front: What is largely credited for the success of Stellenbosch as a wine growing district?
Back: The variety of altitude, aspect and soil that's available in such a relatively small area
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Name: What is largely credited for the success of Stellenbosch as

Front: What has Stellenbosch built a reputation for in recent years?
Back: Top class reds
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Name: What has Stellenbosch built a reputation for in recent years

Front: What reds in particular has Stellenbosch built a reputation for?
Back: Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot (often made into Bordeaux-style blends)
Syrah
Cape red blends
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Name: What reds in particular has Stellenbosch built a reputation

Front: What can the cooler sites in Stellenbosch produce?
Back: High quality Sauvignon Blanc
Chardonnay

Front: Describe the Paarl district
Back: A large district to the north of Stellenbosch

Front: Describe the climate in Paarl
Back: Less exposed to the cooling influences of the sea, being further inland
Temperatures hotter in summer
Cooler night-time temperatures

Front: Describe the vineyards of Paarl
Back: Variety of altitudes, aspects and soils offered by mountainous terrain

Front: What are the most important reds of Paarl?
Back: Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Pinotage

Front: What are the most planted whites of Paarl?
Back: Chenin Blanc and Chardonnay

Front: What is noteworthy about the Constantia ward?
Back: It has some of the oldest vineyards in the Cape

Front: Where is the Constantia ward?
Back: In the Cape Peninsula

Front: How are the vineyards of Constantia Ward located?
Back: On the eastern flanks of Table Mountain

Front: How is temperature moderated in the vineyards of Constantia?
Back: By the Cape Doctor

Front: What do the producers of Cape Doctor have a particular reputation for?
Back: Sauvignon Blanc
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Name: What do the producers of Cape Doctor have a particular reput

Front: What is the name of the sweet wine produced from late-harvested Muscat in Constantia?
Back: Vin de Constance
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Name: What is the name of the sweet wine produced from late-harves

Front: Describe the vineyards south of Table Mountain and the grapes they're famous for
Back: Closer to Cape Point
Well exposed to the cooling influence of the ocean
Made a speciality of Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon
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Name: Describe the vineyards south of Table Mountain

Front: What is planted in the warmer sites south of Table Mountain in Constantia?
Back: Some Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon
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Name: What is planted in the warmer sites south of Table Mountain

Front: Which district lies to the north of Cape Town?
Back: Swartland

Front: What is Swartland's formative reputation?
Back: As a source of inexpensive grapes and wine
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Name: What is Swartlands formative reputation?

Front: What is the new reputation of Swartland?
Back: As a centre of innovation and premium wine production

Front: Swartland is recognised particularly as a source of ...and...
Back: Old-vine Chenin Blanc
High-quality Syrah
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Name: Swartland is recognised particularly as a source of ...and..

Front: What does 'dry-farming' mean?
Back: Growing without irrigation
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Name: What does dry-farming mean?

Front: What is the effect of dry-farming Chenin Blanc and  Syrah (as in Swartland)?
Back: It lowers yields but enhances fruit concentration
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Name: What is the effect of dry-farming Chenin Blanc and  Syrah in

Front: Besides Chenin and Syrah, what else also comes from Swartland district?
Back: A number of premium Cape blends (red and white)
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Name: Besides Chenin and Syrah, what else also comes from Swartlan

Front: What is to the south-west of Swartland?
Back: The Darling district

Front: Describe the climate in the Darling district
Back: Its position near the coast means it receives cooling sea breezes

Front: For what does the Darling district have its reputation?
Back: Sauvignon Blanc

Front: What is Darling's similarity with Swartland?
Back: It is a source of old vines
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Name: What is Darlings similarity with Swartland?

Front: What/where is Durbanville?
Back: A ward in the Tygerberg district

Front: What are sites like in Durbanville?
Back: Offers hillside sites north of Cape Town
Cooled by sea breezes that also blow through the Cape Point

Front: Durbanville has built a reputation for...
Back: Sauvignon Blanc

Front: What are the most important districts of Breede River Valley?
Back: Worcester District
Robertson District
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Name: What are the most important districts of Breede River Valley

Front: Where in Breede River Valley is Worcester district?
Back: At the western end of Breede River Valley

Front: Describe the climate in the Worcester district
Back: Hot and dry

Front: What is the result of the climate in the Worcester district?
Back: Irrigation from the river is essential

Front: What are the soils like in Breede River Valley?
Back: Fertile

Front: What is the role of the Worcester district in South Africa's wine production?
Back: It can produce a significant proportion of South Africa's annual production
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Name: What is the role of the Worcester district in South Africas

Front: What is the majority of Worcester district wine made from?
Back: Chenin Blanc and Colombard

Front: Much of wine from Worcester district is used for...
Back: Distillation

Front: Other than wine for distillation, what else is Worcester district reputable for?
Back: Red and white, high-volume, branded wines
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Name: Other than wine for distillation, what else is Worcester dis

Front: Where is the Robertson district?
Back: To the east of Worcester

Front: What is the climate of Robertson district?
Back: Similar but slightly cooler climate than Worcester district

Front: Why is it cooler in Robertson district than Worcester district?
Back: Thanks to south-easterly winds that are drawn into the valley
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Name: Why is it cooler in Robertson district than Worcester distri

Front: Of what is Robertson district a reliable source?
Back: Well-made wines for high-volume brands

Front: Besides high-volume wines, what else can be made in Robertson district?
Back: Excellent Syrahs and full-bodied Chardonnays
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Name: Besides high-volume wines, what else can be made in Robertso

Front: What is the most southerly region of South Africa?
Back: Cape South Coast

Front: What is the reputation of the Cape South Coast area?
Back: It is a regular source of some of the best fruit and wines in South Africa

Front: What is the best-established vineyard area of Cape South Coast area?
Back: Walker Bay district
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Name: What is the best-established vineyard area of Cape South Coa

Front: What is contained within Walker Bay district?
Back: The various wards of Hemel-en-Aarde

Front: What is home to some of South Africa's best Chardonnays and Pinot Noirs?
Back: Hemel-en-Aarde
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Name: What is home to some of South Africas best Chardonnays and

Front: What is also grown in Hemel-en-Aarde with great success (besides Pinot Noir and Chardonnay)?
Back: Sauvignon Blanc
Merlot
Syrah
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Name: What is also grown in Hemel-en-Aarde with great success (bes

Front: What is to the north-west of Walker Bay?
Back: The Elgin district

Front: What is the important cooling influence in Elgin district?
Back: Altitude

Front: For what does Elgin district have a particular reputation?
Back: Intense, fresh Sauvignon Blancs

Front: Besides SB, which varieties are showing promise in Elgin district?
Back: Pinot Noir
Chardonnay
Syrah
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Name: Besides SB, which varieties are showing promise in Elgin dis

Front: What is to the south-east of Walker Bay?
Back: The Elim ward (in the Cape Agulhas district)

Front: For what does the Elim ward have a particular reputation?
Back: Pungent, herbaceous Sauvignon Blanc
Syrah is also showing promise
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Name: For what does the Elim ward have  particular reputation?

Front: What is the name of South Africa's GI system?
Back: The Wine of Origin Scheme (W.O.)
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Name: What is the name of South Africas GI system?

Front: What will wines stating Wine of Origin (W.O.) also carry?
Back: A certification seal
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Name: What will wines stating W.O. also carry?

Front: How many different sizes of production area does South African law recognise? What are they?
Back: Four
Geographical Unit
Regions
Districts
Wards
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Name: How many different sizes of production area does South Afric

Front: What is the only geographical unit in South Africa of any importance to wine?
Back: Western Cape
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Name: What is the only geographical unit in South Africa of any im

Front: What is the advantage of the Western Cape appellation?
Back: It allows producers to blend the best parcels of fruit from different areas

Front: What is the tendency as to how regions are defined in South Africa?
Back: They follow dominant geological features
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Name: What is the tendency as to how regions are defined in South

Front: What are the most important regions for wine grape-growing in South Africa?
Back: Coastal Region
Breede River Valley
Cape South Coast
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Name: What are the most important regions for wine grape-growing i

Front: What are the rules behind labelling wines as Estate Wines in South Africa?
Back: Must come from a single estate
All grapes must come from estate vineyards that cover a single geographical area
Estate must have facilities on their land allowing them to process the grapes and the wine up to and including bottling
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Name: What are the rules behind labelling wines as Estate Wines in

Front: What does Estate Wine law allow in South Africa?
Back: It allows top producers to release Estate Wines AND other W.O. wines under their brand name

Front: What does IPW stand for in South Africa and what does it mean?
Back: Integrated Production of Wine (IPW)
It's a voluntary sustainable agriculture scheme
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Name: What does IPW stand for in South Africa and what does it mea