Title: WSET Level 3 / WSET Level 3 C31 - Portugal

Front: Describe the climate of Portugal
Back: It has a range of different climatesMuch of the country has a maritime climateMany of the inland vineyards have a hot, dry and continental climate

Front: How are high temperatures moderated in Portugal?
Back: By the AtlanticBy altitude

Front: Give a climatic reason for the diversity of wine styles found in Portugal
Back: There are large differences in annual temperature
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Name: Give a climatic reason for the diversity of wine styles foun

Front: Where is Vinho Verde?
Back: In the north-west of Portugal

Front: What is the climate of Vinho Verde? Why?
Back: Moderate maritimeBecause of its nearness to the Atlantic

Front: What is the most significant feature of the climate in Vinho Verde?
Back: High annual rainfall
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Name: What is the most significant feature of the climate in Vinho

Front: What are the main two risks of the high rainfall in Vinho Verde?
Back: Excessive canopy growthIt encourages disease
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Name: What are the main two risks of the high rainfall in Vinho Ve

Front: How may the associated risks of high rainfall be managed in Vinho Verde?
Back: With effective canopy management
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Name: How may the associated risks of high rainfall be managed in

Front: How have vineyards changed in Vinho Verde?
Back: They have moved away from Pergola trellising due to modernisation

Front: What technique/method is now used in Vinho Verde? What for?
Back: Spur-pruned VSPTo create airflow in the humid environmentTo improve the health and quality of the grapesTo allow for mechanisation

Front: Describe classic Vinho Verde wines
Back: Pale lemon colourHigh in acidityLow in alcohol (8% to 11.5% abv)Wines with low alcohol are usually off-dry

Front: How may one identify a different style of Vinho Verde? What is different about the style?
Back: If a grape-variety, sub-region or an authorised quality labelling term is mentioned on the label, the wine can have up to 14% alcohol
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Name: How may one identify a different style of Vinho Verde? What

Front: What grapes are usually used to make the white wines of Vinho Verde?
Back: Local varieties such as Loureiro and Arinto
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Name: What grapes are usually used to make the white wines of Vinh

Front: What is notable about the style of white Vinho Verdes?
Back: They traditionally have a slight sparkling sensation that enhances their freshness

Front: What is Vinho Verde Alvarinho made from?
Back: Alvarinho grapes (Albariño in Spain) grown in the small designated sub-region of Monção e Melgaço

Front: Describe Vinho Verde Alvarinho in relation to white Vinho Verde
Back: It has a slightly higher alcohol level and riper, more tropical aromas
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Name: Describe Vinho Verde Alvarinho in relation to white Vinho Ve

Front: What other styles of wine are made in Vinho Verde?
Back: Red and rosé wines

Front: Describe the red and rosé wines of Vinho Verde
Back: Reds are deeply coloured and tannicRosés are fresh and fruity

Front: What is the oldest demarcated wine region in the world?
Back: The Douro

Front: Where is the Douro?
Back: 80km east of PortoFrom the Marão Mountains to the frontier with Spain

Front: What dominates wine production in the Douro?
Back: Port

Front: Both Port and unfortified wines of the Douro, rely on the same...varieties:...
Back: FiveTouriga NacionalTouriga FrancaTinta Roriz (Tempranillo)Tinta BarrocaTinta Cão
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Name: Both Port and unfortified wines of the Douro, rely on the sa

Front: What is considered the highest quality variety of Douro's five varieties?
Back: Touriga Nacional
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Name: What is considered the highest quality variety of Douros fi

Front: Describe Touriga Nacional's main winemaking characteristics
Back: It's low-yieldingIts wines have intense colour, flavours and high levels of tannin
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Name: Describe Touriga Nacionals main winemaking characteristics

Front: Describe the red wines of Douro
Back: Deeply colouredFull-bodiedHigh levels of ripe tanninsRich black fruit flavoursBest examples often show subtle toasty aromas from maturation in new oak

Front: Describe the white wines of Douro
Back: Particularly when from high altitude, they can show fresh varietal fruit and medium to high acidity

Front: Where is Dão?
Back: In a mountainous area 80km south of Douro

Front: Where in Dão are vines mostly planted?
Back: On the gentler hills and slopes, between 200m and 400m asl

Front: Describe the climate in Dão
Back: Cold, wet wintersWarm, dry summersSignificant diurnal temperature variation

Front: The climate of Portugal's ... region, provide excellent conditions for high-quality grapes
Back: Dão
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Name: The climate of Portugals ... region, provide excellent cond

Front: Describe the typical red wines of Dão
Back: Soft tanninsHigh acidityDelicate red fruit aromas

Front: Which grapes are relatively new to Dão? What prompted their introduction?
Back: Touriga NacionalTinta RorizJaen (Mencia in Spain)AlfrocheiroVineyard improvement schemes
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Name: Which grapes are relatively new to Dão? What prompted their

Front: Describe wines made from Alfrocheiro
Back: Deep in colourIntense aromas of blackberry and strawberry

Front: From which variety are the best Dão whites made?
Back: Encruzado

Front: What is the style range for Encruzado whites of Dão?
Back: Light and fresh, to richer, barrel fermented versions

Front: Where is Bairrada?
Back: In Portugal, between Dão and the Atlantic Ocean

Front: What is the climate of Bairrada?
Back: Maritime with rainy winters and warm summers

Front: What is a viticultural problem in Bairrada?
Back: Rainfall at harvest (especially for late-ripening varieties)

Front: What is the dominant black variety of Bairrada?
Back: Baga

Front: Describe the key traits of Baga
Back: Late-ripeningSmall, thick-skinned grapesDeeply coloured winesHigh tannin levelsIf underripe, high acidity and stringent tanninsLater picking gives wines that are softer and display rich black-fruit aromas

Front: How is a softer style of Baga wines achieved?
Back: Gentler crushing and maceration techniques, as well as blending with other black varieties

Front: Which other black varieties are important in Bairrada?
Back: Touriga NacionalAlfrocheiroCabernet SauvignonMerlotSyrah

Front: What are the whites of Bairrada made from?
Back: Predominantly indigenous varieties like Bical and Maria Gomes

Front: Where in Portugal is Alentejo?
Back: Spread over eight sub-regions in the south-east of Portugal

Front: What is the climate of Alentejo like?
Back: It has a warm growing seasonSmall differences among the sub-regionsCooler and wetter in the northHotter and drier in the south

Front: Describe the difference of wine styles based on in area in Alentejo
Back: More elegant wines in the northRicher wines in the south
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Name: Describe the difference of wine styles based on in area in A

Front: List grapes used in the typical Alentejo blend
Back: Aragonês (Tempranillo), Trincadeira and Alicante Bouschet

Front: What are typical traits of Trincadeira?
Back: Drought tolerantSpicy red berry flavoursHigh levels of tannin

Front: Describe Alicante Bouschet
Back: A Portuguese grape variety high in colour and tannins

Front: The use of which grapes has been increasing in the last few years in Alentejo?
Back: Touriga Nacional and Syrah
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Name: The use of which grapes has been increasing in the last few

Front: Describe the profile of Alentejo blends
Back: Deep in colourFull bodyHigh, yet soft tanninsExpressive, ripe fruit flavours

Front: Describe the 'other' wine style of Alentejo and what it's made from
Back: Fruity and floral white wines with medium to high levels of acidityMade from Arinto, Antão Vaz and Roupeiro
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Name: Describe the other wine style of Alentejo and what its ma

Front: Describe the role of oak in Alentejo
Back: Some whites are fermented or aged in oak to provide extra depth and complexity

Front: What is the largest Vinho Regional region in terms of production?
Back: Vinho Regional Alentejano
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Name: What is the largest Vinho Regional region in terms of produc

Front: Where is Vinho Regional Alentejano?
Back: Based around Alentejo DOC, but covers a far more extensive area

Front: What are winemaking regulations like for the Vinho Regional wines?
Back: Much more liberalWider range of grape varieties can be used, particularly international varieties
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Name: What are winemaking regulations like for the Vinho Regional

Front: List other important Vinho Regional areas, other than Vinho Regional Alentejano and where they are
Back: Lisboa (stretching north from Lisbon)Peninsula de Setúbal (directly to the south)Tejo (north-east of Lisbon)
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Name: List other important Vinho Regional areas, other than Vinho

Front: What's the Portuguese for PDO?
Back: Denominação Geográfica Protegida (DOP)
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Name: Whats the Portuguese for PDO?

Front: Other than DOP, which other Portuguese term can be used for PDO?
Back: Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOC)
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Name: Other than DOP, which other Portuguese term can be used for

Front: What is the Portuguese PGI?
Back: Indicação Geográfica Protegida (IGP)

Front: What is the other term used for IGP?
Back: Vinho Regional

Front: What does it mean when 'Vinho' is written on a Portuguese wine?
Back: This is a table wine without geographical indication
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Name: What does it mean when Vinho is written on a Portuguese wi

Front: What has been a successful example of a 'Vinho' wine in Portugal?
Back: Simple, fruity, off-dry rosé wines
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Name: What has been a successful example of a Vinho wine in Port